4D printing electro-induced shape memory polymers

Mitkus, Rytis; Cerbe, Ferdinand; Sinapius, Michael

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-95430-3.00002-6

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The design of the structure focuses on the phase changes of CPLA. This design allows a better heat distribution throughout the structure as reported previously [29,30]. The properties in terms of conductivity and resistance of CPLA have been reported previously [49,53,54].…”

Section: D Printing Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…The findings demonstrated that, up to a point, adding carbon nanotube content increases the thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and form recovery ratio of SMC. Mitkus et al [30] outlined bi-layer SMP/conductive PLA (CPLA) structures and tried to enhance their controllability and bending deflection. Results showed a considerable reduction in resistance is produced when various activation voltages are applied to the structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnetorheological elastomer‐based 4D printed electroactive composite actuators

Dezaki

Bodaghi

2023

Sensors and Actuators A: Physical

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Section: D Printing Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetorheological elastomer‐based 4D printed electroactive composite actuators

Dezaki

Bodaghi

2023

Sensors and Actuators A: Physical

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“…These features have propelled 4D printing into various fields, leading to studies to harness the potential of their applications. Research have been conducted on the development of intelligent active hinges for facilitating origami folding patterns [2], the creation of sequential self-folding structures [3], and utilization of polylactic acid (PLA) structures for controlling electric currents [4]. To further improve the functional capabilities of structures in 4D printing, researchers have investigated the utilization of multiple materials in various engineering fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Realization and experimental validation of multimaterial 4D-printed self-actuating structures with two morphing phases

Lee,

Han,

Kim

et al. 2024

Behavior and Mechanics of Multifunctional Materials XVIII

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4D printing has gained attention in engineering for its ability to introduce innovative functionalities in printed structures through shape-morphing. However, challenges persist in designing and fabricating intricate structures, mainly due to the complex task of controlling variables affecting morphing characteristics. To overcome these obstacles, the method of multi-material 4D printing is employed to create complex structures through a two-phase morphing process. This research focuses on using acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polycarbonate/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (PCABS), exploiting the difference in their glass transition temperatures to achieve distinct morphing phases. The study conducts finite element analyses to predict accurate geometric changes in response to temperature changes. Experimental validation is done by fabricating various structures and applying thermal stimulation to realize desired morphing phases. The study results in the design and fabrication of multiple multi-material structures, showcasing both their functionality and intricate geometric complexity.

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“…Mitkus et al [26] described bi-layer SMP/conductive polylactic acid (CPLA) architectures, factors that influenced how they morphed, and approaches for improving both controllability and maximum potential. When various activation voltages were given to the structure, the results revealed a significant decrease in resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable 4D printing of magneto-electroactive shape memory polymer composites

Dezaki

Bodaghi

2023

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Typical techniques for creating synthetic morphing structures suffer from a compromise between quick shape change and geometric complexity. A novel approach is proposed for encoding numerous shapes and forms by magneto-electroactive shape memory polymer composite (SMPC) structures and integrating sustainability with 4D printing (4DP) technology. Electrically driven, remote controllability, and quick reaction are the features of these sustainable composite structures. Low-cost 4D-printed SMPC structures can be programmed remotely at high temperatures to achieve multi-stable shapes and can snap repeatedly between all programmed temporary and permanent configurations. This allows for multiple designs in a single structure without wasting material. The strategy is based on a knowledge of SMPC mechanics, magnetic response, and the manufacturing idea underlying fused deposition modelling (FDM). Iron-filled magnetic polylactic acid (MPLA) and carbon black-filled conductive PLA (CPLA) composite materials are investigated in terms of microstructure properties, composite interface, and mechanical properties. Characterisation studies are carried out to identify how to control the structure with a low magnetic field. The shape morphing of magneto-electroactive SMPC structures is studied. FDM is used to 4D print MPLA and CPLA adaptive structures with 1D/2D-to-2D/3D shapeshifting by the magnetic field. The benefits of switchable multi-stable structures are reducing material waste and effort/energy and increasing efficiency in sectors such as packaging. Graphical Abstract

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4D printing electro-induced shape memory polymers

Cited by 5 publications

References 40 publications

Magnetorheological elastomer‐based 4D printed electroactive composite actuators

Magnetorheological elastomer‐based 4D printed electroactive composite actuators

Realization and experimental validation of multimaterial 4D-printed self-actuating structures with two morphing phases

Sustainable 4D printing of magneto-electroactive shape memory polymer composites

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