4D printing Light-Driven soft actuators based on Liquid-Vapor phase transition composites with inherent sensing capability

Shao, Yingchun; Long, Fei; Zhao, Zihui; Fang, Mingquan; Jing, Huilan; Guo, Jianjun; Shi, Xianming; Sun, Aihua; Xu, Gaojie; Cheng, Yuchuan

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2022.140271

Cited by 30 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Here, the positive angle change implies the downward movement of the arm. [13,14] and helical metal wire, [18] foam actuator, [27] photo-responsive liquid-vapor phase transition elastomer, [28] dielectric elastomer, [29,30] and hydrogel. [31] f) Relative resistance change ΔR/R 0 of proposed graphite/CB doped LCE actuator versus time for stability test.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 2e shows the Ashby plot of the actuating strain versus lifted object mass/self‐weight ratio for our self‐sensing graphite/CB doped LCE actuator and previously reported results. It can be seen that the lifted object mass/self‐weight ratio of previously reported self‐sensing actuators, from LCE actuators combined with liquid metal and helical metal wire (with lifted object mass/self‐weight ratio of 40, [ 13 ] 200, [ 14 ] and 85 [ 18 ] times) to foam actuator (FA) (500 [ 27 ] times), photo‐responsive liquid‐vapor phase transition elastomer (PRPTE) (400 [ 28 ] times), dielectric elastomer (DE) (55 [ 29 ] and 200 [ 30 ] times), and hydrogel (100 [ 31 ] times), are all less than 500 times. In contrast, two inorganic materials, carbon black (Young's modulus of 80 GPa) [ 22 ] and graphite (Young's modulus of 1026 GPa), [ 23 ] were doped into the LCE actuator to enhance the mechanical strength in this work, resulting in a significant increase in the LCE actuator's lifted object mass/self‐weight ratio up to 1168 times, which indicates a significant improvement in mechanical strength.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…c) The actuation of the LCE actuator (0.18 g) under 150 V loaded a weight of 210.26 g. d) Relative resistance change and deformation of LCE actuator versus time at a DC voltage of 150 V. The thermal images of the LCE actuator before and after actuation are shown inset. e) Ashby plot of actuation strain versus lifted object mass/self-weight ratio of self-sensing actuators including LCE actuator combined with liquid metal[13,14] and helical metal wire,[18] foam actuator,[27] photo-responsive liquid-vapor phase transition elastomer,[28] dielectric elastomer,[29,30] and hydrogel [31]. f) Relative resistance change ΔR/R 0 of proposed graphite/CB doped LCE actuator versus time for stability test.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Intelligent Liquid Crystal Elastomer Actuators with High Mechanical Strength, Self‐Sensing, and Automatic Control

Min,

Wu,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Advanced Sensor Research

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Self‐sensing liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) actuators with integration of sensing and actuating have attracted significant attention in health monitoring and physical rehabilitation therapy. However, the development of LCE actuators equipped with high mechanical strength, self‐sensing capabilities, and automatic control simultaneously is still a significant challenge. Here, intelligent self‐sensing LCE actuators with high mechanical strength and automatic control are demonstrated by doping carbon‐materials composite of graphite and carbon black. The proposed actuators, driven by the electrothermal effect, demonstrate a significant increase in the ratio of lifted object mass/self‐weight ratio up to 1168 times, which is then tested in activities such as football kicking and arm swinging of a doll. The self‐sensing LCE actuators possess a 30% actuation strain and have real‐time sensing capability during Joule heating. They can be programmed by control circuits based on conditional logic judgments of the target. In addition, a smart glove equipped with self‐sensing LCE actuators, which have high mechanical strength and an automatic control system for assisting finger movement, is also demonstrated. The proposed LCE actuator shows great potential for applications in assisting finger movement, aiding in joint and knee recovery, and other smart physical rehabilitation therapy applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intelligent Liquid Crystal Elastomer Actuators with High Mechanical Strength, Self‐Sensing, and Automatic Control

Min,

Wu,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Advanced Sensor Research

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“…These polymers offer good printability, suitability, and processability. [307][308][309] Near-infrared (NIR), a green, directionally controllable, remote, and clean energy resource, has been extensively applied to develop light-driven Figure 5. A variety of responses obtained when SRPs are exposed to external stimuli.…”

Section: Photo-responsive Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These polymers offer good printability, suitability, and processability. [ 307–309 ] Near‐infrared (NIR), a green, directionally controllable, remote, and clean energy resource, has been extensively applied to develop light‐driven structures, due to its ability to minimize damage to the material and operator. [ 310 ] Light‐actuated structures are usually fabricated by incorporating photo‐responsive moieties (e.g., azobenzene derivatives) in the polymer.…”

Section: Additively Manufactured Srpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in the Additive Manufacturing of Stimuli‐Responsive Soft Polymers

Tariq,

Arif,

Khalid

et al. 2023

Adv Eng Mater

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Stimuli‐responsive polymers (SRPs) are special types of soft materials, which have been extensively used for developing flexible actuators, soft robots, wearable devices, sensors, self‐expanding structures, and biomedical devices, thanks to their ability to change their shapes and functional properties in response to external stimuli including light, humidity, heat, pH, electric field, solvent, and magnetic field or combinations of two or more of these stimuli. In recent years, additive manufacturing (AM) aka three‐dimensional (3D) printing technology of these SRPs, also known as four‐dimensional (4D) printing, has gained phenomenal attention in different engineering fields, thanks to its unique ability to develop complex, personalized, and innovative structures, which undergo twisting, elongating, swelling, rolling, shrinking, bending, spiraling, and other complex morphological transformations. Herein, an effort has been made to provide insightful information about the AM techniques, type of SRPs, and their applications including, but not limited to tissue engineering, soft robots, bionics, actuators, sensors, construction, and smart textiles. This article also incorporates the current challenges and prospects, hoping to provide an insightful basis for the utilization of this technology in different engineering fields. It is expected that the amalgamation of 3D printing with SRPs would provide unparalleled advantages in different engineering arenas.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Recent Advances in 4D Printing of Advanced Materials and Structures for Functional Applications

Wan,

Xiao,

Tian

et al. 2024

Advanced Materials

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Four‐dimensional (4D) printing has attracted tremendous worldwide attention during the past decade. This technology enables the shape, property, or functionality of printed structures to change with time in response to diverse external stimuli, making the original static structures alive. The revolutionary 4D‐printing technology offers remarkable benefits in controlling the geometric and functional reconfiguration, thereby showcasing immense potential across diverse fields, including biomedical engineering, electronics, robotics, and photonics. Here, a comprehensive review of the latest achievements on 4D printing using various types of materials and different additive manufacturing techniques is presented. The state‐of‐the‐art strategies implemented in harnessing various 4D‐printed structures are highlighted, which involve materials design, stimuli, functionalities, and applications. The machine learning approach explored for 4D printing is also discussed. Finally, the perspectives on the current challenges and future trends toward further development in 4D printing are summarized.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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4D printing Light-Driven soft actuators based on Liquid-Vapor phase transition composites with inherent sensing capability

Cited by 30 publications

References 37 publications

Intelligent Liquid Crystal Elastomer Actuators with High Mechanical Strength, Self‐Sensing, and Automatic Control

Intelligent Liquid Crystal Elastomer Actuators with High Mechanical Strength, Self‐Sensing, and Automatic Control

Recent Advances in the Additive Manufacturing of Stimuli‐Responsive Soft Polymers

Recent Advances in 4D Printing of Advanced Materials and Structures for Functional Applications

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