4D printing of PLA/PCL-based bio-polyurethane via moderate cross-linking to adjust the microphase separation

Song, Minzimo; Liu, Xiaoxuan; Yue, Hangbo; Li, Shanji; Li, Xiong

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125190

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The study showed exemplary shape-memory behavior of PET-G 4D-printed parts regardless of printing condition. PLA/PCL biopolymer with high toughness was prepared in [ 5 ] for 4D printing model materials. The results proved that the microphase separation in PLA/PCL-based biopolyurethane could be adjusted by changing the cross-linking ratios.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes/Halloysite Nanotubes Reinforced Thermal Responsive Shape Memory Polymer Nanocomposites for Enhanced Mechanical and Shape Recovery Characteristics in 4D Printing Applications

Namathoti

Vakkalagadda

2023

Polymers

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The mechanical and shape-recovery characteristics of 4D-printed thermally responsive shape-memory polyurethane (SMPU) reinforced with two types of reinforcements, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), are investigated in the present study. Three weight percentages of reinforcements (0, 0.5, and 1) in the SMPU matrix are considered, and the required composite specimens are obtained with 3D printing. Further, for the first time, the present study investigates the flexural test for multiple cycles to understand the 4D-printed specimens’ flexural behavior variation after shape recovery. The 1 wt% HNTS-reinforced specimen yielded higher tensile, flexural, and impact strengths. On the other hand, 1 wt% MWCNT-reinforced specimens exhibited quick shape recovery. Overall, enhanced mechanical properties were observed with HNT reinforcements, and a faster shape recovery was observed with MWCNT reinforcements. Further, the results are promising for the use of 4D-printed shape-memory polymer nanocomposites for repeated cycles even after a large bending deformation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes/Halloysite Nanotubes Reinforced Thermal Responsive Shape Memory Polymer Nanocomposites for Enhanced Mechanical and Shape Recovery Characteristics in 4D Printing Applications

Namathoti

Vakkalagadda

2023

Polymers

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“…Notably, PLA has been used the most in the manufacture of BSSA. Numerous authors have reported that this material can be used as an SMP in thermal, [61,71,73,81,82,116,119,120,[123][124][125][126][127][128]132,133,196] electrothermal, [109] electrochemical, [135] magnetic, [69,75,78,82,197] and electrohydraulicbased [102,121] actuating soft systems. Several research groups have recently strengthened 3D-printed polymers by incorporating continuous fibers.…”

Section: Discussion and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This includes the development of a more stable multilayer structure, a simpler design for the multi-molecular network, and the ability to achieve more flexible reversible deformation, among other areas of improvement. [59] Regarding their applicability, biodegradable 3D/4D printed soft actuators are utilized in many fields, such as agriculture, [60] biomedicine, micro positioning, [67,79,[94][95][96][97] smart surgical instruments, [64,[98][99][100][101] soft rehabilitation devices, [98,102,103] drug delivery microswimmers, [64,67,68,70,72,73,77,84,85,88,94,34,[104][105][106][107][108] sustainable electronics devices, [109][110][111] soft smart fabrics, [64] muscle tissue membranes, [65,76,89,94,96,112,113] in-vivo robotics, [67,74,…”

Section: Doi: 101002/adsu202300289mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No-tably, from a material point of view, PLA has been employed the most in the fabrication of biodegradable soft actuators. Many authors have reported the applicability of this material as a SMP in thermal, [61,71,73,81,82,116,119,120,[123][124][125][126][127][128]132,133,197] electrothermal, [109] electrochemical, [135] magnetic, [69,75,78,82,197] and electrohydraulicbased [102,121] actuating soft systems.…”

Section: Fffmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding their applicability, biodegradable 3D/4D printed soft actuators are utilized in many fields, such as agriculture, [ 60 ] biomedicine, [ 61–93 ] micro positioning, [ 67,79,94–97 ] smart surgical instruments, [ 64,98–101 ] soft rehabilitation devices, [ 98,102,103 ] drug delivery microswimmers, [ 64,67,68,70,72,73,77,84,85,88,94,34,104–108 ] sustainable electronics devices, [ 109–111 ] soft smart fabrics, [ 64 ] muscle tissue membranes, [ 65,76,89,94,96,112,113 ] in‐vivo robotics, [ 67,74,83,86,89–91,93,99–101 ] wearable devices, [ 95,103,111,114–118 ] soft smart prosthetics, [ 114 ] bionic devices, [ 69,72,73,114 ] aeronautics, [ 119,120 ] health monitoring equipment, [ 111,118 ] edible robots, [ 121 ] biomimetic scaffolds, [ 30,62,76,97,115,122,123 ] environmental monitoring equipment, […”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sustainable Robots 4D Printing

Soleimanzadeh,

Rolfe,

Bodaghi

et al. 2023

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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Nature frequently serves as an inspiration for modern robotics innovations that emphasize secure human–machine interaction. However, the advantages of increased automation and digital technology integration conflict with the global environmental objectives. Accordingly, biodegradable soft robots have been proposed for a range of intelligent applications. Biodegradability provides soft robotics with an extraordinary functional advantage for operations involving intelligent shape transformation in response to external stimuli such as heat, pH, and light. Soft robot fabrication using conventional manufacturing techniques is inflexible, time‐consuming, and labor‐intensive. Recent advances in 3D and 4D printing of soft materials and multi‐materials have become the key to enabling the direct manufacture of soft robotics with complex designs and functions. This review comprises a detailed survey of 3D and 4D printing advances in biodegradable soft sensors and actuators (BSSA), which serve as the most prominent parts of each robotic system. In addition, a concise overview of biodegradable materials for the fabrication of 3D‐printed flexible devices with medical along with industrial applications is provided. A complete summary of current additive manufacturing techniques for BSSA is discussed in depth. Moreover, the concept of biodegradable 4D‐printed soft actuators and sensors and biohybrid soft robots is reviewed.

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Recent Advances in the Additive Manufacturing of Stimuli‐Responsive Soft Polymers

Tariq,

Arif,

Khalid

et al. 2023

Adv Eng Mater

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Stimuli‐responsive polymers (SRPs) are special types of soft materials, which have been extensively used for developing flexible actuators, soft robots, wearable devices, sensors, self‐expanding structures, and biomedical devices, thanks to their ability to change their shapes and functional properties in response to external stimuli including light, humidity, heat, pH, electric field, solvent, and magnetic field or combinations of two or more of these stimuli. In recent years, additive manufacturing (AM) aka three‐dimensional (3D) printing technology of these SRPs, also known as four‐dimensional (4D) printing, has gained phenomenal attention in different engineering fields, thanks to its unique ability to develop complex, personalized, and innovative structures, which undergo twisting, elongating, swelling, rolling, shrinking, bending, spiraling, and other complex morphological transformations. Herein, an effort has been made to provide insightful information about the AM techniques, type of SRPs, and their applications including, but not limited to tissue engineering, soft robots, bionics, actuators, sensors, construction, and smart textiles. This article also incorporates the current challenges and prospects, hoping to provide an insightful basis for the utilization of this technology in different engineering fields. It is expected that the amalgamation of 3D printing with SRPs would provide unparalleled advantages in different engineering arenas.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

show abstract

4D printing of PLA/PCL-based bio-polyurethane via moderate cross-linking to adjust the microphase separation

Cited by 19 publications

References 38 publications

Development of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes/Halloysite Nanotubes Reinforced Thermal Responsive Shape Memory Polymer Nanocomposites for Enhanced Mechanical and Shape Recovery Characteristics in 4D Printing Applications

Development of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes/Halloysite Nanotubes Reinforced Thermal Responsive Shape Memory Polymer Nanocomposites for Enhanced Mechanical and Shape Recovery Characteristics in 4D Printing Applications

Sustainable Robots 4D Printing

Recent Advances in the Additive Manufacturing of Stimuli‐Responsive Soft Polymers

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