4R-cembratrienediol protects against diisopropylfluorophosphate-induced neurodegeneration with a long window of therapeutic opportunity

Ferchmin, P.A.; Alves, Janaina Maria; Pérez, Dinely; Cuadrado, Brenda L.; Carrasco, Marimée; Roman, Janet M.; Martins, Heber Amilcar; Segarra, Annabell C.; Eterović, Vesna A.

doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2011.07.056

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“…6,7,11-14 In the acute hippocampal slice preparation, 1 rescues the PSs from NMDA-induced damage, 7,12 as well as from two neurotoxic OPs: paraoxon 6 and DFP. 13 All three toxic stimuli, NMDA, paraoxon and DFP, decreased the PS area in a concentration and time-dependent manner while post-application of 1 reversed the toxic effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective activity of (1S,2E,4R,6R,7E,11E)-2,7,11-cembratriene-4,6-diol analogues against diisopropylfluorophosphate neurotoxicity: Preliminary structure–activity relationship and pharmacophore modeling

Eterović

Valle-Rodriguez

Pérez

et al. 2013

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry

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Diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) is an organophosphorous insecticide used as a surrogate for the more toxic chemical warfare nerve agent sarin. DFP produces neurotoxicity in vivo and irreversibly decreases the area of population spikes recorded from the CA1 region of acute hippocampal slices. (1S,2E,4R,6R,7E,11E)-2,7,11-Cembratriene-4,6-diol (1) is a neuroprotective natural cembranoid that reverses DFP-induced damage both in vivo and in the hippocampal slice. Cembranoid 1 acts by noncompetitive inhibition of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. This study aims at establishing a preliminary structure-activity relationship to define the neuroprotective cembranoid pharmacophores using the hippocampal slice assay and pharmacophore modeling. Fourteen natural, semisyntheti or biocatalytic cembranoid analogues 2-15 related to 1 were tested for their capacity to protect the population spikes from DFP-induced damage and intrinsic toxicity. Twelve cembranoids caused significant reversal of DFP toxicity; only 3 active analogues displayed minor intrinsic toxicity at 10 μM. The C-4 epimer of 1 (2) and the 4-O-methyl ether analogue of 1 (3), were totally devoid of neuroprotective activity. The results suggested a model for cembranoid binding where the hydrophobic ring surface binds to a hydrophobic (Hbic) patch on the receptor molecule and an electronegative atom (oxygen or sulfur) in proper spatial relationship to the ring surface interacts with an electropositive group in the receptor binding site. A pharmacophore model consisting of 1 hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA), 2 Hbic, and 10 exclusion spheres was established using HipHop-REFINE and supported the above mentioned pharmacophoric hypothesis.

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