5-Aminolevulinic acid promotes anthocyanin accumulation in Fuji apples

Xie, Lulu; Wang, Z. H.; Cheng, Xiaoye; Gao, Jingjing; Zhang, Z. P.; Wang, L. J.

doi:10.1007/s10725-012-9772-5

Cited by 45 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Previous studies have reported that exogenous ALA up-regulated the expression level of key genes in the pathway of anthocyanin biosynthesis (Xie et al, 2013; Feng et al, 2015). At protein level, a 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (No.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Further study is needed to reveal the mechanisms behind ripening-related and non-ripening-related anthocyanin accumulation mediated by MdMADS1 . Except MdMADS1 , ALA promotes anthocyanin accumulation has been linked to regulatory genes MYB, bHLH , and WD40 (Xie et al, 2013). Therefore, the interaction between the MdMADS1 and MYB–bHLH–WD40 complexes need further study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ALA has gained increasing attention because of its multiple physiological roles in plants, such as increasing plant resistance to various stresses, and improving plant photosynthesis (Akram and Ashraf, 2013; Murooka and Tanaka, 2014). In fruit production, ALA has been demonstrated to be effective for the promotion of fruit coloration in several fruit crops, including apple (Xie et al, 2013; Zhang L. Y. et al, 2015), peach (Guo et al, 2013), pear (Xiao et al, 2012), and litchi (Feng et al, 2015). Importantly, it was also reported that ALA significantly increased fruit interior quality (Gao et al, 2013; Zhang L. Y. et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the regulatory mechanism modulates anthocyanin biosynthesis is highly conserved in higher plants, more research is necessary to develop the anthocyanin regulation network in apple. Research on ALA promoting anthocyanin accumulation in apple fruits has been linked to up-regulating anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and regulatory genes MYB, bHLH , and WD40 (Xie et al, 2013). However, little information is available regarding special regulative effects of ALA on fruit skin and its regulatory mechanisms remain unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proteomics and SSH Analyses of ALA-Promoted Fruit Coloration and Evidence for the Involvement of a MADS-Box Gene, MdMADS1

Feng

Zheng

et al. 2016

Front. Plant Sci.

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Skin color is a key quality attribute of fruits and how to improve fruit coloration has long been a major concern. 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a natural plant growth regulator, can significantly increase anthocyanin accumulation in fruit skin and therefore effectively improve coloration of many fruits, including apple. However, the molecular mechanism how ALA stimulates anthocyanin accumulation in fruit skin remains unknown. Here, we investigated the impact of ALA on apple skin at the protein and mRNA levels. A total of 85 differentially expressed proteins in apple skins between ALA and water treatment (control) were identified by complementary gel-based and gel-free separation techniques. Most of these differentially expressed proteins were up-regulated by ALA. Function analysis suggested that 87.06% of the ALA-responsive proteins were associated with fruit ripening. To further screen ALA-responsive regulators, we constructed a subtracted cDNA library (tester: ALA treatment; driver: control) and obtained 104 differentially expressed unigenes, of which 38 unigenes were indicators for the fruit ripening-related genes. The differentially changed proteins and transcripts did not correspond well at an individual level, but showed similar regulated direction in function at the pathway level. Among the identified fruit ripening-related genes, the expression of MdMADS1, a developmental transcription regulator of fruit ripening, was positively correlated with expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes (MdCHS, MdDFR, MdLDOX, and MdUFGT) in apple skin under ALA treatment. Moreover, overexpression of MdMADS1 enhanced anthocyanin content in transformed apple calli, which was further enhanced by ALA. The anthocyanin content in MdMADS1-silenced calli was less than that in the control with ALA treatment, but higher than that without ALA treatment. These results indicated that MdMADS1 is involved in ALA-induced anthocyanin accumulation. In addition, anthocyanin-related verification in apple calli suggested that the regulation of MdMADS1 on anthocyanin biosynthesis was partially independent of fruit ripening process. Taken together, our findings provide insight into the mechanism how ALA regulates anthocyanin accumulation and add new information on transcriptase regulators of fruit coloration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Proteomics and SSH Analyses of ALA-Promoted Fruit Coloration and Evidence for the Involvement of a MADS-Box Gene, MdMADS1

Feng

Zheng

et al. 2016

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…Different cultivars have their own unique color, thereby providing consumers with essential information on the variety and even cultivar management. In young fruit, the peel of most apple cultivars is green in color, the color changes with ripening in pigment components [1–3]. In red apples in particular, the color composition of the peel begins to change after the fruit expansion period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Debagging Time on Pigment Patterns in the Peel and Sugar and Organic Acid Contents in the Pulp of ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Qinguan’ Apple Fruit at Mid and Late Stages of Development

Jing

Zhang

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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This study examined the effect of debagging time on color and flavor / taste compounds in the non-red apple cultivar ‘Golden Delicious’ and red cultivar ‘Qinguan’ at mid and late stages of fruit development. Debagging briefly improved the red color in both cultivars, the peel of ‘Golden Delicious’ presenting pale-pink hue. However, rapid anthocyanin accumulation occurred in apple peel at a specific time (after 179 days after flowering (DAF) in ‘Qinguan’) and was unaltered by debagging time in the red cultivar ‘Qinguan’. Furthermore, untimely debagging had a detrimental effect on the content of anthocyanin. All sugars increased and organic acids decreased in apple pulp at mid to late stages of development. Bagging treatment reduced the content of most sugars and organic acids, as well as, the overall total. However, glucose and citric acid contents were higher in bagged fruit than non-bagged fruit; the maximum occurred in T7 treatment that was no-debagging at DAF 159 / 196 (‘Golden delicious’ / ‘Qinguan’), i.e., 24.35 and 0.07 mg g-1 FW in ‘Golden delicious’, and 38.86 and 0.06 mg g-1 FW in ‘Qinguan’, respectively. In a word, bagging treatment can alter the pattern of peel color development in apple fruit; however, it remains difficult to alter the timing of rapid anthocyanin accumulation as it is regulated solely by development. Moreover, bagging treatment reduced the total accumulation of sugars and organic acids, and even the over total in pulp, but increased the glucose and citric acid contents in apple pulp.

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An apple B-box protein, MdCOL11, is involved in UV-B- and temperature-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis

Bai

Saito

Honda

et al. 2014

Planta

136

120

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Our studies showed that an apple B-box protein, MdCOL11, the homolog of AtBBX22, is involved in UV-B- and temperature-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple peel. Anthocyanin is responsible for the red pigmentation in apple peel and a R2R3 MYB gene, MdMYBA/1/10, a homolog of MdMYBA, controls its accumulation. Arabidopsis PAP1 is under the control of a series of upstream factors involved in light signal transduction and photomorphogenesis, such as ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) and B-box family (BBX) proteins. In this study, we identified and characterized the homolog of Arabidopsis BBX22 in apple, designated as MdCOL11. Overexpression of MdCOL11 in Arabidopsis enhanced the accumulation of anthocyanin. In apples, MdCOL11 was differentially expressed in all tissues, with the highest expression in petals and the lowest expression in the xylem. Transcripts of MdCOL11 noticeably accumulated at the ripening stage, concomitant with increases in the expressions of anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes. In an in vitro treatment experiment, MdCOL11 was upregulated in an ultra-violet (UV)-B- and temperature-dependent manner, together with the inductions of anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes and anthocyanin accumulation in apple peel. Furthermore, a dual-luciferase assay indicated that (1) MdCOL11 regulated the expression of MdMYBA and (2) MdCOL11 was a target of MdHY5. Taken together, our results suggest that MdCOL11 is involved in MdHY5-mediated signal transduction and regulates anthocyanin accumulation in apple peel, which sheds new light on anthocyanin accumulation in apples.

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5-Aminolevulinic acid promotes anthocyanin accumulation in Fuji apples

Cited by 45 publications

References 36 publications

Proteomics and SSH Analyses of ALA-Promoted Fruit Coloration and Evidence for the Involvement of a MADS-Box Gene, MdMADS1

Proteomics and SSH Analyses of ALA-Promoted Fruit Coloration and Evidence for the Involvement of a MADS-Box Gene, MdMADS1

Effect of Debagging Time on Pigment Patterns in the Peel and Sugar and Organic Acid Contents in the Pulp of ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Qinguan’ Apple Fruit at Mid and Late Stages of Development

An apple B-box protein, MdCOL11, is involved in UV-B- and temperature-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis

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