“…Many different determinants have been identified to be related to SCNT efficiency. They encompass (1) cytological and molecular quality of nuclear recipient oocytes characterized by meiotic, cytoplasmic, and epigenomic maturity parameters (Samiec & Skrzyszowska, 2012; Wang et al, 2018; Gupta et al, 2019); (2) the origin and phenotype of nuclear donor cells (Madheshiya et al, 2015; Em et al, 2016); (3) the capability of donor cell nuclear genome to be epigenetically reprogrammed in a cytoplasm of nuclear-transferred oocytes and descendant blastomeres of corresponding cloned embryos (Opiela et al, 2017; Monika & Selokar, 2018; Samiec & Skrzyszowska, 2018 a , 2018 b ; Zhou et al, 2020); (4) molecular and epigenetic communication between nuclear and mitochondrial genomes in nuclear-transferred oocytes and resultant cloned embryos (Hiendleder et al, 2003; Samiec, 2005 a , 2005 b ; Srirattana et al, 2011); (5) the strategies applied to artificially activate embryo-specific developmental programme of nuclear-transferred oocytes (Saikhun et al, 2004; Samiec & Skrzyszowska, 2010, 2014; George et al, 2011); and (6) the frequency of occurrence of apoptosis-dependent events in the in vitro -cultured nuclear donor cells and SCNT-derived embryos (Cui et al, 2011; Samiec et al, 2013; Agrawal et al, 2018; Mehta et al, 2019; Samiec et al, 2019).…”