Maternal behavior in rats is a highly motivated and well-organized social
behavior. Given the known roles of serotonin (5-HT) in emotion, motivation,
social behavior, and major depression - and its known interaction with dopamine
- it is likely that serotonin also plays a crucial role in this behavior. So
far, there are surprisingly few studies focusing on 5-HT in maternal behavior,
except for maternal aggression. In the present study, we examined the effects of
5-HT2C receptor agonism and 5-HT2A receptor antagonism
on maternal behavior in postpartum female rats. We hypothesized that activation
of 5-HT2C receptors and blockade of 5-HT2A receptors would
produce a functionally equivalent disruption of maternal behavior because these
two receptor subtypes often exert opposite effects on various brain functions
and psychological processes relevant to rat maternal behavior. On postpartum
Days 5, 7, and 9, Sprague-Dawley mother rats were given a single injection of
0.9% NaCl solution, the 5-HT2C agonist MK212 (0.5, 1.0 or 2.0
mg/kg, ip), or the 5-HT2A antagonist MDL100907 (0.05, 0.5 or 2.0
mg/kg, ip). Maternal behavior was tested 30 min before and 30 min, 120 min, 240
min after injection. Acute injection of MK212 significantly disrupted pup
retrieval, pup licking, pup nursing, and nest building in a dose-dependent
fashion. At the tested doses, MDL100907 had little effect on various components
of rat maternal behavior. Across the 3 days of testing, no apparent
sensitization or tolerance associated with repeated administration of MK212 and
MDL100907 was found. We concluded that rat maternal performance is critically
dependent on 5-HT2C receptors, while the role of 5-HT2A
receptors is still inconclusive. Possible behavioral mechanisms of actions of
5-HT2C receptor in maternal behavior are discussed.