5-Hydroxyindole Compounds in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients With Psychiatric or Neurological Diseases

Ashcroft, G. W.; Crawford, T. B. B.; Eccleston, D.; Sharman, D. F.; MacDougall, E J; Stanton, James B.; Binns, J. K.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(66)92028-9

Cited by 353 publications

(75 citation statements)

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“…[1][2][3] This led to several other major discoveries in psychiatry and to the publication of several landmark papers, including the first systematic reports of low 5-HT synthesis in depression. 4 The observation in mice that tricyclic antidepressants inhibit 5-HT reuptake and that this is involved in their mood-elevating properties [5][6][7] led to the development of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) as antidepressants. Furthermore, the observation that low levels of the 5-HT metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a predictor of suicide 8 motivated other researchers to follow up the animal work and show that low 5-HT neurotransmission in humans was implicated in impulsive aggression, using several indices of 5-HT (e.g., 5-HIAA levels in the CSF).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and early environmental influences on the serotonin system: consequences for brain development and risk for psychopathology

Booij

Tremblay

Szyf

et al. 2015

jpn

108

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and early environmental influences on the serotonin system: consequences for brain development and risk for psychopathology

Booij

Tremblay

Szyf

et al. 2015

jpn

108

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“…The demonstration, shortly after the discovery of antidepressants, that levels of the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) are low in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of depressed patients [1] was one of the factors that resulted in the hypothesis that depression might be associated with a deficit in serotonin function, and that antidepressants act by increasing serotonin function [2]. However, subsequent studies found that the difference between CSF 5-HIAA in depressed patients and controls was small, with a large overlap between groups, and that low CSF 5-HIAA was associated with suicide, and in particular violent suicide rather than depression [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of raising and lowering tryptophan levels on human mood and social behaviour

Young

2013

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) studies indicate that low serotonin can lower mood and also increase aggression, although results vary somewhat between studies with similar participants. Lowering of mood after ATD is related to the susceptibility of the study participants to clinical depression, and some participants show no effect on mood. This indicates that low serotonin can contribute to lowered mood, but cannot—by itself—cause lowered mood, unless other unknown systems interact with serotonin to lower mood. Studies using tryptophan supplementation demonstrate that increased serotonin can decrease quarrelsomeness and increase agreeableness in everyday life. Social interactions that are more agreeable and less quarrelsome are associated with better mood. Thus, serotonin may have direct effects on mood, but may also be able to influence mood through changes in social behaviour. The increased agreeableness and decreased quarrelsomeness resulting from increases in serotonin will help foster congenial relations with others and should help to increase social support. As social support and social isolation have an important relationship with both physical and mental health, more research is needed on the implications of the ability of serotonin to modulate social behaviour for the regulation of mood, and for future physical and mental health.

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“…The results of our behavioral-chemical analyses support the possibility that we had higher plasma metabolite values because our patients were quite ill and psychotic. The lack of any signiftcant correlation of the anxiety-agitation fac tor on the BPRS with any biochemical measure does not support the suggestion (Ashcroft et al 1966) that these relationships were due solely to increased anxiety agitation. However, activity in patients is difftcult to quantitate and it cannot be ruled out that an activity variable may have accounted at least in part for our fIndings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Most of our patients were very sick, agi tated, and aroused at the time biologic samples were obtained. Other authors (Bowers 1978;Ashcroft et al 1966) have commented upon the elevated CSF HV A values that are seen with psychotic patients. For exam ple, Bowers (1978) noted that the more acute the onset, the more disturbed the patient, and the greater the psy chosis, the higher the level of CSF HV A.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For exam ple, Bowers (1978) noted that the more acute the onset, the more disturbed the patient, and the greater the psy chosis, the higher the level of CSF HV A. In an initial report on this problem, Ashcroft et al (1966) also noted that patients who were more excited were those who had the higher CSF HV A levels. The results of our behavioral-chemical analyses support the possibility that we had higher plasma metabolite values because our patients were quite ill and psychotic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Studies of Catecholamine Metabolism in Schizophrenia/Psychosis-I

Maas

Contreras

Miller

et al. 1993

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Acutely psychotic schizophrenic patients not taking tmtipsychotic medications and control subjects were studied before and during treatment with debrisoquin (DBQ), an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase, which does not penetrate into brain. Homovanillic acid (HV A) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) were measured in plasma, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid ((SF). Significant differences between patients and control subjects were more easily discerned during treatment with DBQ. In patients, HVA was increased in plasma but not in urine or CSF, although MHPG was increased in all three fluids. There were many significant correlations between plasma MHPG and HV A levels and clinical ratings of psychoticism. Plasma MHPG correlated positively with both the severity of positive and negative symptoms and plasma HV A correlated only with positive symptom severity. These data suggest that both dopamine and norepinephrine (NE) metabolism are disturbed in acutely psychotic schizophrenic patients; disturbed NE metabolism may relate to negative symptoms as well. [Neuropsychopharmacology 8:97-109, 1993J by the receptor blockade (Carlsson and Lindqvist 1963).In the aggregate, these initial and subsequent basic neu ropsychopharmacologic studies have led to the ''DA hy pothesis of schizophrenia or psychosis," which suggests that schizophrenia/psychosis is associated with either an increase in central nervous system (CNS) DA release or an increase in DA receptor sensitivity (for recent reviews see Davis et al. 1991;Seeman et al. 1987). Sub

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5-Hydroxyindole Compounds in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients With Psychiatric or Neurological Diseases

Cited by 353 publications

References 10 publications

Genetic and early environmental influences on the serotonin system: consequences for brain development and risk for psychopathology

Genetic and early environmental influences on the serotonin system: consequences for brain development and risk for psychopathology

The effect of raising and lowering tryptophan levels on human mood and social behaviour

Studies of Catecholamine Metabolism in Schizophrenia/Psychosis-I

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