Background: We report on acute toxicities as well as the
early cosmetic outcome of patients receiving intraoperative
radiotherapy (IORT) followed by whole-breast radiotherapy
(WBRT) compared to patients treated with standard
WBRT alone. Patients and Methods: From 2/2002
until 2/2005, 84 breast cancer patients were treated with
IORT during breast-conserving surgery (BCS) as a boost
(20 Gy/50 kV X-rays) followed by WBRT. After wound healing,
all IORT patients were treated with WBRT at a total
dose of 46 Gy. For the purpose of comparison, 53 patients
treated consecutively between 1/2003 and 12/2004 in our
institution with BCS followed by WBRT at a total dose of
50-66 Gy, were analyzed. All patients had a defined followup
schedule. Toxicities were prospectively documented
using the CTC/EORTC Score. Cosmesis was evaluated
after 6 months using a 1-4 score. Results: Treatment was
well tolerated with no grade 3/4 acute toxicity. Rare adverse
effects following IORT included wound healing problems
(2%), erythema grade I-II (3%), palpable seroma
(6%) and mastitis (2-4%). The number of patients with induration
of the tumor bed was comparably low. Conclusion:
IORT with the IntrabeamTM system applied as a boost
during BCS, followed by 46 Gy WBRT, exerts similar acute
toxicity as standard WBRT. Further follow-up is needed to
assess long-term toxicity and efficacy.