“…By contrast, in so-called “psychological” provocation tests, the presumption is that subjects are conscious of their exposure, whether it is real or sham. This is an erroneous, non-objective presupposition because as indicated above there may be a significant delay from the exposure to the occurrence of any perceivable effect and because the subject may not be aware that the adverse effects are really taking place, whereas possibly biomarkers and the previously reported neurologic- and skin-based objective response (as measured by heart rate variability, microcirculation, electric skin potentials or altered EMG) indicate the occurrence of induced i.e., causal, effect [ 135 , 136 , 137 ].…”