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Laser ablation in liquids: Applications in the synthesis of nanocrystals

“…Similarly, Lu and co-workers [93,94] measured the pressure in the laserinduced plasma by recording the acoustic wave in water induced by the plasma. For instance, Berthe and co-workers [22][23][24][25] reported that the maximum pressure in the laser-induced plasma was obtained as high as 5.5 GPa with a pulse duration of about 50 ns when a pulsed laser with wavelength of 1064 nm, power density of 10 GW/cm À2 , Fig. 4.…”

“…One is the adiabatical expansion of the laser-induced plasma under the confinement of liquid, and the other one is the extra pressure increase originated from the shock wave. Fabbro and co-workers [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] therefore developed a series of experimental techniques to measure the pressure by characterizations of the shock wave as shown in Fig. 6, and built the theoretical model of the laser-induced pressure generation in PLA in water.…”

“…On the other hand, for fundamental aspects of laser ablation of solids in liquids, Fabbro and co-workers [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] have discussed the possible mechanisms about the thermodynamics of the plasma plume created by PLA based on the experimental measurements of emission spectroscopy and shock wave method. Grigoropoulos and co-workers [28][29][30][31][32][33] gave a detailed description of the thermodynamic and kinetic behaviors of nucleation, growth, and collapse of the bubbles using optical techniques.…”

Improvement of fatigue life of Ti–6Al–4V alloy by laser shock peening

“…The shock wave can be much larger than the dynamic yield strength of the material (>1 GPa) and cause plastic deformation near the target surface and compressive residual stresses which can extend to a deep depth in the subsurface [5,6]. It was reported that the maximum depth can reach 1.5 mm, depending on the material properties of the metal and the processing parameters used in LSP [7][8][9]. Due to the high strains/strain rates that the material undergoes, there can also be significant microstructural changes near the metal surface.…”

Laser Shock Processing: an emerging technique for the enhancement of surface properties and fatigue life of high-strength metal alloys

“…However, as a consequence of the inherent physical complexity of LSP processes, specially stemming on the coexistence of different material phases (including plasma) developing and interacting under the action of the high intensity laser beam, very limited attempts have been developed in the way of full comprehension and predictive assessment of the characteristic physical processes and material transformations with a specific consideration of real material properties (see, for example, references [7][8][9]). …”