[53] Quantitative and qualitative analysis of lipids and lipid components

Dittmer, John C.; Wells, Michael A.

doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(69)14055-0

Cited by 492 publications

(215 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Two-dimensional chromatography was used to separate phospholipid classes (Rouser et al 1970), and identification was made by comparing the R f -values to those of pure standards and by a specific staining reaction (molybdenum reagent) (Dittmer and Lester 1964). Spots were outlined with a pencil and scraped off the plates, and total phospholipids were determined by Dittmer and Wells (1969).…”

Section: Concentration Of Lipid Fractionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium application enhances growth and alleviates the damaging effects induced by Cd stress in sesame (Sesamum indicumL.)

Abd_Allah

Wirth

Egamberdieva

2017

Journal of Plant Interactions

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In this study, the effects of calcium (Ca 2+ ) application on acquired systemic tolerance mechanism to cadmium (Cd) stress in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) were studied. The Cd stress reduced the root and shoot growth of sesame, and plant contents of photosynthetic pigments; however, the application of Ca 2+ improved these parameters under Cd stress condition. The hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde and soluble sugar contents were higher under Cd stress, and were reduced by Ca 2+ treatment. The antioxidant enzyme activities in the leaves of sesame, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) were higher under Cd stress, whereas reduced concentration was observed in Ca 2+ -treated plants. Cd stress increased the contents of diacylglycerol and sterol ester; however Ca 2+ treatment resulted in a significant increase in phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine. Our results indicated that application of calcium enables sesame plants to withstand the deleterious impact of cadmium through upregulating acquired systemic tolerance system as lipid fractions (galactolipids, phospholipids, neutral lipids), antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT, APX, GR) hence protect membrane functions. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Concentration Of Lipid Fractionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium application enhances growth and alleviates the damaging effects induced by Cd stress in sesame (Sesamum indicumL.)

Abd_Allah

Wirth

Egamberdieva

2017

Journal of Plant Interactions

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“…The galactolipids were measured with a phenol-sulfuric acid reaction with galactose as a standard (6). The phospholipid content of the extracts were measured as Pi after perchlorate oxidation using a Fiske-Subbarow A B C reagent (Sigma Chemical Co.) and quantified colorimetrically (5). The total fatty acid content in the lipid extract was estimated following methylation with MethElute (Chromatographic Specialties) and analyzed by gas chromatography with a DB-225 fused-silica column (J & W Scientific).…”

Section: Chemical Analysis Of Thylakoid Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Chilling on the Biochemical and Functional Properties of Thylakoid Membranes

Walker¹,

McKersie²,

Pauls³

1991

Plant Physiol.

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The mechanism of chilling resistance was investigated in 4-week-old plants of the chilling-sensitive cultivated tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv H722, and rooted cuttings of its chilling-resistant wild relative, L. hirsutum Humb. and Bonpl., which were chilled for 3 days at 20C with a 14-hour photoperiod and light intensity of 250 micromoles per square meter per second. This chilling stress reduced the chlorophyll fluorescence ratio, stomatal conductance, and dry matter accumulation more in the sensitive L. esculentum than in the resistant L. hirsutum. Photosynthetic CO2 uptake at the end of the chilling treatment was reduced more in the resistant L. hirsutum than in L. esculentum, but recovered at a faster rate when the plants were retumed to 250C. The reduction of the spin trap, Tiron, by isolated thylakoids at 750 micromoles per square meter per second light intensity was taken as a relative indication of the tendency for the thylakoids to produce activated oxygen. Thylakoids isolated from the resistant L. hirsutum with or without chilling treatment were essentially similar, whereas those from chilled leaves of L. esculentum reduced more Tiron than the nonchilled controls. Whole chain photosynthetic electron transport was measured on thylakoids isolated from chilled and control leaves of the two species at a range of assay temperatures from 5 to 250C. In both species, electron transport of the thylakoids from chilled leaves was lower than the controls when measured at 25°C, and electron transport declined as the assay temperature was reduced. However, the temperature sensitivity of thylakoids from chilled L. esculentum was altered such that at all temperatures below 200C, the rate of electron transport exceeded the control values. In contrast, the thylakoids from chilled L. hirsutum maintained their temperature sensitivity, and the electron transport rates were proportionately reduced at all temperatures. This sublethal chilling stress caused no significant changes in thylakoid galactolipid, phospholipid, or protein levels in either species. Nonchilled thylakoid membranes from L. hirsutum had fourfold higher levels of the fatty acid 16:1, than those from L. esculentum. Chilling caused retailoring of the acyl chains in L. hirsutum but not in L. esculentum. The chilling resistance of L. hirsutum may be related to an ability to reduce the potential for free radical production by close regulation of electron transport within the chloroplast.Chilling injury is a physiological disorder that occurs when plant species of tropical or subtropical origin are exposed to temperatures ranging between 0 and 12°C (13). In tomato chilling-sensitive species, low temperatures can reduce plant vigor and yield and can shorten the effective length of the growing season (3, 4). Chilling sensitivity is particularly limiting to crop production during the early stages ofthe growing season, when both day and night temperatures can be below 10 to 120C.The combination of light and low temperatures enhances chilling injury...

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“…The phospholipids were separated by TLC on Kieselgel 60 F254 plates (Merck) using chloroform/methanol/7 M ammonium hydroxide/water (65 : 25 : 3 : 1) as a solvent system. Iodine stain (Dittmer & Wells, 1969), Dragendorff spray, ninhydrin reagent (Daniels et al, 1994) and phosphomolybdic acid staining were used for phospholipid identification. Fatty acids found in the polar lipid fraction of isolate JLW10 T are listed in Table 2, together with fatty acids reported in the literature for two reference strains representative of budding bacteria (Labrys and Angulomicrobium) and four reference strains representative of non-pigmented facultatively methylotrophic bacteria (Methylopila, Aminobacter, Methylarcula and Methylorhabdus).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Labrys methylaminiphilus sp. nov., a novel facultatively methylotrophic bacterium from a freshwater lake sediment

Miller

Kalyuzhnaya

Noyes

et al. 2005

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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A new bacterial isolate from a methylamine enrichment culture is described, representing a novel species of facultatively methylotrophic bacteria. The non-motile bacterium is Gram-negative, replicates by budding and does not form endospores. The isolate utilizes methylated amines, as well as a variety of monosaccharides, disaccharides, amino acids, organic acids, aromatic compounds and alcohols as substrates, but does not utilize methanol. Growth factors are not required, although yeast extract stimulates growth. The major components of the fatty acid profile are C 18 : 1 v7c, C 19 : 0 cyclo and C 16 : 0 . The dominant cellular phospholipids are phosphatidyl acid, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. The G+C content of the DNA is 65?7±0?3 mol%. 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that the novel isolate belongs to the a-Proteobacteria and is closely related to the only representative of the genus Labrys, Labrys monachus (97?4 % sequence similarity). However, the level of DNA-DNA relatedness with L. monachus is less than 3 %, justifying the placement of this isolate into a novel species of the genus Labrys. The name Labrys methylaminiphilus sp. nov. is proposed (type strain JLW10 T =ATCC BAA-1080 T =DSM 16812 T ).Methylotrophs are a group of bacteria capable of metabolizing compounds containing no carbon-carbon bonds as sole sources of carbon and energy. These bacteria are ubiquitous in the biosphere and have been isolated from a wide variety of natural habitats including plants, soils and freshwater and marine sediments (Anthony, 1982). Methylotrophs play an important role in biogeochemical cycling and possess a potential for use in bioremediation (Pol et al., 1994; De Marco et al., 2004). We are studying a specific habitat that is rich in methylotrophic activity: the sediment of Lake Washington at a depth of about 60 m (Kuivila et al., 1988;Costello & Lidstrom, 1999). Until recently, research at this site has focused primarily on methanotroph populations (Auman et al., 2000;Costello & Lidstrom, 1999) and no survey of broader methylotroph presence has been conducted. This study focused on enrichment, isolation and taxonomic description of methylamine-utilizing bacteria from Lake Washington sediment. One of these isolates, a novel facultative methylotroph, is described. Sediment samples were collected on 21 July 2003, off the RV Clifford Barnes from a 63 m-deep site in Lake Washington, Seattle, WA, USA (47 u 38?0759 N 122 u 15?9939 W) using a box core that allowed collection of undisturbed sediment. Sediment cores were taken to a depth of approximately 20 cm and subsectioned into layers approximately 1?5 cm thick. Samples were transported to the laboratory on ice and used immediately. One millilitre samples of the upper 1?0 cm of the sediment cores were inoculated into 250 ml flasks containing 50 ml 0?26 salts medium (Harder et al., 1973) supplemented with 0?01 % methylamine (w/v) and were incubated for 6-8 days at room temperature with shaking (125 r.p.m.). In subsequent enrichments, ...

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[53] Quantitative and qualitative analysis of lipids and lipid components

Cited by 492 publications

References 43 publications

Calcium application enhances growth and alleviates the damaging effects induced by Cd stress in sesame (Sesamum indicumL.)

Calcium application enhances growth and alleviates the damaging effects induced by Cd stress in sesame (Sesamum indicumL.)

Effects of Chilling on the Biochemical and Functional Properties of Thylakoid Membranes

Labrys methylaminiphilus sp. nov., a novel facultatively methylotrophic bacterium from a freshwater lake sediment

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