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Abstract

Increasingly more intense beams of radioactive isotopes allow moving into unknown areas of the nuclear chart and exploring the limits in nuclear binding and proton-to-neutron ratio. New aspects of nuclear structure and important results for nuclear astrophysics are obtained. The paper provides some overview of experimental developments, facilities and research results; and is intended to set the stage for the many exciting examples of research presented in these proceedings.

New Geiger-Nuttall law for two-proton radioactivity *

“…Theoretically, up to now, there are various theoretical models, such as the direct decay model [15][16][17][18][19][20][21], the simultaneous versus sequential decay model [22], the diproton model [23,24], three-body model [25][26][27][28], have been proposed to investigate the 2p radioactivity. Using an R-matrix formula, B.…”

First observation of two-proton radioactivity inNi48

“…To meet this challenge, gaseous time projection chambers, allowing to track charged particles, have been developed independently at the CENBG (France) [10] and at the University of Warsaw (Poland) [11]. The former detector succeeded in providing the first direct observation of the two protons emitted by 45 Fe [12] and by 54 Zn [13]. The latter development, the Optical Time Projection Chamber, based on a novel concept of optical readout, yielded the first full proton-proton correlation picture for the 2p decay of 45 Fe [14].…”

Two-proton radioactivity of exotic nuclei beyond proton drip-line

“…This decay process is called as " 2 He"cluster emission [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. The other one refers to the completely uncorrelated emission, which is usually named as a three-body radioactivity [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50]. The experimental half-lives of the 2p radioactivity are reproduced more or less satisfactorily by these models.…”