59.2: The Contributions of Built‐in Light on the Readability in E‐paper Devices

Koizuka, Tatsuya; Ishii, Yuki; Kojima, Takehito; Lege, R. Paul; Miyao, Masaru

doi:10.1002/j.2168-0159.2014.tb00227.x

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…With regard to the evaluations by devices, as with our previous studies 1) 2) , in this study we found that the changes in the readability of reflective e-paper under various illuminance conditions were similar to those for paper text, and this tendency was remarkable in the older groups. The backlit LCD has its own light source and has a high resolution and contrast ratio, and no significant differences in reading were seen at any of the levels of illuminance.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…No significant differences were observed among the illuminance levels with the iPad, but the evaluations of the iPad were worse than Paper at the illuminance of 3,000 lx. These results were Table 2-1 Subjects' evaluations using four devices under six ambient illuminance levels similar to those that we obtained in a previous study 2) . Paper.…”

Section: Task Designsupporting

confidence: 87%

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The Effects of Ambient Illuminance and Aging on the Evaluation of the Readability of E-paper

Matsunami

Koizuka

Lege

et al. 2015

Eizo Joho Media Gakkaishi

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The subjects for this study were 58 healthy males and females between the ages of 13 and 82 years (M 46.8, SD 16.6). Subjects who usually wore glasses or contact lenses used them for the experiments. The subjects were divided into four groups by age: young (29 years and younger), middle-aged (30 to 44 years old), senior middle-aged (45 to 64 years old), and elderly (65 years and older). The young group had sufficient amplitude of accommodation. The middle-aged group had sufficient near vision ability, although their accommodation was slightly weak. The senior middle-aged group had mild presbyopia and problems in near vision work. The elderly group had typical presbyopia and generally had to wear near vision glasses. Table 1 shows the number of subjects divided into age groups. We obtained informed consent from all subjects and approval for the study from the Ethical Review Board of the Graduate School of Information Science at Nagoya University. 2.2 Experimental design We carried out the experiment under six levels of illuminance (10 lx, 30 lx, 100 lx, 300 lx, 1,000 lx, and 3,000 lx) using a 6500 K LED light source with a fluorescent lamp having a uniform color temperature in a darkened room. The headrest for the subject's forehead, which was on the lighting system, was kept at a visual distance of 40 cm. We created the lightning system with reference to a previous study 3). The subjects looked at devices at an angle of about 100 degrees. We put the reading devices into the lighting system placed on a desk (Figure 1). We used two types of e-paper, an

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Task Designsupporting

confidence: 87%

The Effects of Ambient Illuminance and Aging on the Evaluation of the Readability of E-paper

Matsunami

Koizuka

Lege

et al. 2015

Eizo Joho Media Gakkaishi

Self Cite

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“…Much of the literature indicates that under conditions of high illuminance, readability of the self-illuminating display (LCD) is poor because of glare, particularly in outdoor sunlight. 29,30 On the contrary, readability of a reflective display (EPD) appears to perform closer to paper text when read under similar conditions. The introduction of the integrated lighting unit (ILU-EPD) in 2007 represented a form a hybrid between the previous two display technologies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring the effects of lighting on the readability of electronic devices

et al. 2017

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-The aim of this study was to understand to what extent people can read e-paper devices under various conditions of ambient illuminance that can occur indoors. In this study, 110 young to elderly subjects participated in an experiment to evaluate the effects of 14 different levels of ambient lighting on their reading from three different electronic devises and paper text. The participants were asked to undergo a timed read task and then to evaluate the readability of two eReader devices (a regular electronic display and one with a front light) in comparison with a backlit liquid crystal device and conventional paper text. The results indicated that backlit and front lit devices are easier to read at less than 200 lx and the reflective device is easier to read at levels above 500 lx.

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“…Measurements of display contrast, color, and readability are necessary to evaluate displays for optimization of their performance. Subjective tests have compared the readability of reflective EPD without and with front light to that of tablet‐sized LCD with backlight in controlled lighting conditions . However, designers and manufacturers of mobile displays seek to predict ambient display performance for specific illumination environments from objective display measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subjective tests have compared the readability of reflective EPD without and with front light to that of tablet-sized LCD with backlight in controlled lighting conditions. 5 However, designers and manufacturers of mobile displays seek to predict ambient display performance for specific illumination environments from objective display measurements. Optical measurements for emissive displays were developed long before viable EPD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical measurement standards for reflective e‐paper to predict colors displayed in ambient illumination environments

Hertel¹

2018

Color Research & Application

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Color displays are viewed in ambient conditions ranging from indoor lighting to bright sunlight. For emissive displays such as phones or tablets, color and readability are disturbed by ambient light reflected from the screen. However, ambient light is required to view e‐paper, so color measurements must be reflection‐based. This article describes how a bidirectional reflectance distribution function‐based methodology for measuring the disturbing reflection on emissive displays has been applied to measure the useful reflection from e‐paper displays. These measurements have been embedded in recently developed optical measurement standards for e‐paper that contain color measurement specifications for spectral reflection and—if a front light is present—spectral radiance of each displayed color. Then the measurements are combined with ambient illumination models to predict how display colors would appear in realistic lighting conditions. Although developed for e‐paper, this concept can be applied to any type of color display. Examples illustrate the standard measurement methodology, and how to predict displayed colors on both handheld e‐paper and emissive displays in both indoor and daylight viewing conditions.

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59.2: The Contributions of Built‐in Light on the Readability in E‐paper Devices

Cited by 7 publications

References 5 publications

The Effects of Ambient Illuminance and Aging on the Evaluation of the Readability of E-paper

The Effects of Ambient Illuminance and Aging on the Evaluation of the Readability of E-paper

Measuring the effects of lighting on the readability of electronic devices

Optical measurement standards for reflective e‐paper to predict colors displayed in ambient illumination environments

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