5G Wireless Communication Network Architecture and Its Key Enabling Technologies

Abstract

The wireless mobile communication systems have developed from the second generation (2G) through to the current fourth generation (4G) wireless system, transforming from simply telephony system to a network transporting rich multimedia contents including video conferencing, 3-D gaming and in-flight broadband connectivity (IFBC) where airline crew use augmented reality headsets to address passengers personally. However, there are still many challenges that are beyond the capabilities of the 4G as the demand for higher data rate, lower latency, and mobility requirement by new wireless applications sores leading to mixed contentcentric communication service. The fifth generation (5G) wireless system has thus been suggested, and research is ongoing for its deployment beyond 2020. In this article, we investigate the various challenges of 4G and propose an indoor, outdoor segregated cellular architecture with cloudbased Radio Access Network (C-RAN) for 5G, we review some of its key emerging wireless technologies needed in meeting the new demands of users including massive multiple input multiple output (mMIMO) system, Device-to-Device (D2D), Visible Light Communication (VLC), Ultra-dense network, Spatial Modulation and Millimeter wave technology. It is also shown how the benefits of the emerging technologies can be optimized using the Software Defined Networks/Network Functions Virtualization (SDN/NFV) as a tool in C-RAN. We conclude that the new 5G wireless architecture will derive its strength from leveraging on the benefits of the emerging hardware technologies been managed by reconfigurable SDN/NFV via the C-RAN. This work will be of immense help to those who will engage in further research expedition and network operators in the search for a smooth evolution of the current state of the art networks toward 5G networks.

5G Small Cell Backhaul: A Solution Based on GSM-Aided Hybrid Beamforming

“…Figure 7 depicts the comparison of the cost of the various beamforming techniques, it shows GSMA-HBF as the most cost-effective scheme which can be used in the 5G cell densification where large numbers of small cell BS are deployed making cost an issue. The generalized spatial modulation aided hybrid beamforming architecture will make the use of small cells affordable for personal indoor applications such as homes, malls, airports etc in the forthcoming 5G where the 5G architecture is suggested to follow the indooroutdoor dichotomy [31]. With the use of mmWave in 5G, GSM-aided hybrid beamforming can also be accommodated in 5G handsets.…”

8-12 GHz pHEMT MMIC Low-Noise Amplifier for 5G and Fiber-Integrated Satellite Applications

“…The increasing global demand for broadband data, voice and video services has led to the development of advanced Radio Access Technologies (RATs) such as the 5G communication standard [1]. The 5G RAT implementation across the niche wireless communication and vertical industries/sectors is constrained by the availability of reliable physical layer devices such as the Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit (MMIC) Low Noise Amplifier (LNA).…”

“…4 shows the characteristics curve for the dc parameter determines the forward transmission gain of the MMIC LNA. It shows the relationship between the current through the output (drain) of the transistor and the voltage across the input (gate) of the ductance of a given (1) obtained is 81 LNA is designed over the llite applications. The active device makes use of a scalable nology.…”

Absorption, Diffraction and Free Space Path Losses Modeling for the Terahertz Band

“…Machine-type communications such as the Virtual reality applications, Internet of Things, Internet of Everything, vehicles Ado networks, Artificial intelligence, etc are expected to play an important role in the future wireless networks [1,2]. Especially in industry requiring automation, communication, safety for increased productivity.…”

“…Furthermore, orthodox cellular systems are designed mainly for human users [1]. The use of a wide range of spectrum in the forth coming fifth generation (5G) communication network including the millimeter wave (MmWave) with its ability to provide large bandwidth from hundreds of MHz to several GHz range is able to offer much more bandwidth and connectivity than the traditional microwave communication below the 6GHz band [2]. Although the data rate provided by mmWave band can attain several Gbps, it is still not adequate to meet the requirement of the increasing data traffics in future wireless communications such as the future wireless local area networks (WLAN) and the wireless personal area networks (WPAN) systems with data rate of 10X Gbps [6].…”