“…- Regarding ethnic and racial identity, the benefits of a stronger ethnic identity have been associated with greater psychological well-being (Basow, Lilley, Bookwala, & McGillicuddy-DeLisi, 2008). Children raised in “color-blind” adoptive homes or in homes where parents may acknowledge race differences but fail to discuss them can be unprepared for the discrimination they may encounter when entering the broader world as teenagers and adults (e.g., Ferrari, Rosnati, Canzi, Ballerini, & Ranieri, 2017; Pinderhughes, Matthews, & Zhang, 2016).
- Regarding adoptive identity, adolescents adopted domestically as infants by same-race parents varied considerably in their paths to adoptive identity: Around 50% paid little or no attention to adoption issues, 30% showed high levels of exploration and positive feelings about adoption, and around 20% showed considerable exploration and high negative affect about adoption (Dunbar & Grotevant, 2004).
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