6. Fire protection in concrete tunnels

Carvel, Richard; Both, Kees

doi:10.1680/hotfs.31685.0006

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…A series of both physical and chemical reactions take place in concrete when experiencing heat [2,4,5]. Among them, some can be altered by cooling, and others cannot be so -also known as non-reversible -and can greatly reduce structural strength after a fire.…”

Section: Physical and Chemical Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Durability Performance of Concrete Structures Exposed to Fire.

2020

IJESRT

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Section: Physical and Chemical Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Durability Performance of Concrete Structures Exposed to Fire.

2020

IJESRT

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“…Another threat for cut-and-cover and immersed tunnels is that the opposite, unexposed side, cracks. Measures to protect the tunnel integrity are, for low-and high-porosity concrete tunnels, either focused on withstanding fire exposure (fireproof concrete or insulation) or on fire suppression (Carvel 2005;Carvel and Both 2012).…”

Section: Structural Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Road tunnel fire safety and risk: a review

Gehandler

2015

Fire Sci Rev

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A review concerning road tunnel fire safety and risk is presented. In particular different perspectives and methods on safety and risk are discussed. Road tunnel fire safety usually involves high uncertainty and high-stakes decisions. Thus, a wider group of stakeholders and different types of knowledge should be included in the fire safety analysis and evaluation, than what is required by technical risk analyses. It is argued that the decision process should not be separated from the design and safety evaluation as they are strongly dependent and iterative processes. Decision theory can guide the design and decision process in negotiation with stakeholders. Key parameters for the decision can be analysed through a combination of functional requirements, societal and political values, safety engineering, safety factors and systems theory. By taking an organisational viewpoint, potential latent and active errors can be analysed and a good safety culture can be engineered. In order to improve the safety culture of truck companies, regulation ensuring proper maintenance, training and quality management may be necessary in a competitive global economy.

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“…other vehicles). As shown in the longitudinal temperature profile in Figure 20, the temperatures at the ceiling would be extremely high over comparable distances, suggesting the potential for catastrophic spalling of concrete over a lengthy section of the tunnel lining [25].…”

Section: Comparisons Of Heat Flux: With and Without Suppressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing Water Mist Systems Against Large Fires in Tunnels: Integrating Test Data with CFD Simulations

Mawhinney

Trelles

2009

Fire Technol

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The high cost of conducting large, full-scale fire tests for the evaluation of suppression systems in tunnels tends to limit both the extent of the instrumentation provided and the number of tests that are conducted. Because of the variability of the large fires, performance criteria based on single point measurements derived from experience with smaller test fires were not reliable indicators of performance. Yet decisions about the acceptability of suppression systems must be based on the limited amount of performance information available. A means was sought to reduce the reliance on single point instrumentation readings, and to augment the value of the limited amount of test data by integrating the field testing with CFD modeling. In this study a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model was used to simulate a series of full-scale fire tests of water mist systems conducted in 2006 in a highway test tunnel. The NIST Fire Dynamics Simulator version 4 (FDS4) was used to simulate five of the tunnel fire tests. The task was to confirm that the simulations could achieve a reasonable degree of agreement with the conditions measured in the tests. The model could then be used to evaluate the performance of the water mist system over a broader range of performance indicators than were measured. This paper illustrates what is unique about very large fire tests and presents highlights of the modeling. The level of agreement between simulation and test results is demonstrated for one test. Agreement was deemed to be good enough to establish confidence in applying the model to examine the conditions that would occur with an unsuppressed fire, which had not been tested. CFD modeling can be used to improve the understanding of the performance of the suppression system, and to augment the value of the test results. A second, complementary paper has been submitted to the SFPE Journal of Fire Protection Engineering to provide more detailed information about the FDS4 modeling than can be covered in this paper.

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6. Fire protection in concrete tunnels

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Durability Performance of Concrete Structures Exposed to Fire.

Durability Performance of Concrete Structures Exposed to Fire.

Road tunnel fire safety and risk: a review

Testing Water Mist Systems Against Large Fires in Tunnels: Integrating Test Data with CFD Simulations

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