All Birds with One Stone: Natural products have long been valuable sources of inspiration for drug discovery. Unfortunately, the inherent limitations of direct semisynthetic derivatizations have become more and more obvious, and the need to overcome these limitations is particularly urgent nowadays because the most valuable natural products tend to be isolated in minute amounts. Therefore, de novo synthesis with ideal modularity and diversity, have been a critical goal in drug discovery research. However, this endeavor of complex natural products is highly challenging, and only limited success has been achieved so far. Herein, we report a powerful, general platform for cyclolignan synthesis involving challenging rhodium-catalyzed enantioselective hydrogenation of tetrasubstituted 1,2-dihydronaphthalene esters (> 40 examples; up to 99% y, >99% ee). This unique platform allows ready access to various types of cyclolignans, as exemplified by the expedient and mostly protecting-group-free synthesis of over thirty cyclolignans, including many that have not previously been synthesized, such as 6-methoxy podophyllotoxin, cleistantoxin, picrobursenin, austrobailignan-4, aglacins D and F-H (with three revised structures), (+)-lirionol, ovafolinin D, and fimbricalyxoid A. We expect this work to inspire modular, de novo diversity-oriented syntheses of other important classes of natural products and thus to rejuvenate the role of natural products in drug discovery and development.