6-month efficacy, tolerance, and acceptability of a short regimen of oral zidovudine to reduce vertical transmission of HIV in breastfed children in Côte d'Ivoire and Burkina Faso: a double-blind placebo-controlled multicentre trial

Dabis, François; Msellati, Philippe; Méda, Nicolas; Welffens-Ekra, Christiane; You, Bruno; Manigart, Olivier; Leroy, Valériane; Simonon, Arlette; Cartoux, Michel; Combe, P; Ouangré, Amadou; Ramón, Rosa; Ky-Zerbo, Odette; Montcho, Crépin; Salamon, Roger; Rouzioux, Christine; Perre, Philippe Van de; Mandelbrot, Laurent

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(98)11046-2

Cited by 461 publications

(189 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…First, between September 1995 and February 1998, the double-blind, placebocontrolled ANRS 049a trial assessed the efficacy of a short course of ZDV given to 250 mothers for PMTCT. 26 Briefly, women were randomized at 36 to 38 weeks' gestation to receive ZDV or a matching placebo: 250/300 mg twice daily until the beginning of labor, then a single oral dose of 500/600 mg until delivery, then a 7-day postpartum treatment of 500/600 mg/d. Second, from November 1996 to April 1997, children were recruited from 40 women who were participating in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial using benzalkonium chloride (BC) vaginal cleansing for PMTCT (ANRS 049b trial).…”

Section: Child Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…26 Briefly, sensitivity of this amplification was validated for each run by using calibrated DNA from 8E5 cells as positive controls with a detection level of 5 copies of proviral DNA per 10 6 cells. CeDReS participated in interlaboratory quality control instituted with the laboratory of virology of Necker Hospital, Paris, France.…”

Section: Laboratory Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HIV serology on serum samples collected in children at 15 to 18 months of age and in pregnant women at inclusion and the CD4 ϩ T-cell count (using FACScan flow cytometry) among women at delivery were done as previously published. 26 …”

Section: Laboratory Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pediatric Viral Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA Levels, Timing of Infection, and Disease Progression in African HIV-1-Infected Children

Raffi

Sakarovitch²,

Msellati³

et al. 2003

Pediatrics

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ABSTRACT. Objective. To describe plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA levels in African HIV-1-infected children in relation to the timing of infection and disease progression.Methods. A retrospective cohort study was conducted of 80 children who were born to HIV-1-positive mothers and clinically followed from birth to 18 months of age in the ANRS 049 Ditrame project, Abidjan, Cô te d'Ivoire (West Africa). The diagnosis and timing of pediatric HIV-1 infection were determined prospectively according to HIV-1 DNA polymerase chain reaction results. A total of 364 HIV-1 RNA viral load (VL) measurements were assessed retrospectively. Kaplan-Meier analyses and proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the prognostic value of pediatric VL and covariates for HIV disease progression or death.Results. Mean initial positive VL was significantly lower among children who were infected in utero (4.94 log 10 /mL, n ‫؍‬ 12) than in children who were infected later (5.6 -6.1 log 10 /mL, n ‫؍‬ 68). In the first 6 months after diagnosis, HIV-1 RNA levels peaked (>6 log 10 /mL), regardless of timing of infection. Then, a slow decline (overall slope, ؊0.076 log 10 copies/mL/mo) was observed until 18 months of age. A 1 log 10 higher value of the pediatric peak VL (risk ratio [

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Section: Child Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Laboratory Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pediatric Viral Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA Levels, Timing of Infection, and Disease Progression in African HIV-1-Infected Children

Raffi

Sakarovitch²,

Msellati³

et al. 2003

Pediatrics

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“…2 Before treatment or interventions to prevent transmission were available, the rate of MTCT of HIV-1 in the United States was approximately 25%. 3 Major successes have been achieved in prevention of MTCT of HIV-1 in the United States; the MTCT rate has decreased to less than 2% 4 with antiretroviral treatment of HIV-1-infected pregnant women and, for women who do not yet require treatment of their HIV-1 infection, with the use of the following efficacious interventions to prevent transmission: antiretroviral prophylaxis, 3,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11] cesarean section before labor and before rupture of membranes, 12 and complete avoidance of breastfeeding. 13 The estimated annual number of perinatal HIV-1 infections in the United States has decreased from a peak of 1650 infections in 1991 14 to an estimated 111 infections in 2005.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of HIV-1 Infection in Children Younger Than 18 Months in the United States

Read¹

2007

Pediatrics

120

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The objectives of this technical report are to describe methods of diagnosis of HIV-1 infection in children younger than 18 months in the United States and to review important issues that must be considered by clinicians who care for infants and young children born to HIV-1–infected women. Appropriate HIV-1 diagnostic testing for infants and children younger than 18 months differs from that for older children, adolescents, and adults because of passively transferred maternal HIV-1 antibodies, which may be detectable in the child's bloodstream until 18 months of age. Therefore, routine serologic testing of these infants and young children is generally only informative before the age of 18 months if the test result is negative. Virologic assays, including HIV-1 DNA or RNA assays, represent the gold standard for diagnostic testing of infants and children younger than 18 months. With such testing, the diagnosis of HIV-1 infection (as well as the presumptive exclusion of HIV-1 infection) can be established within the first several weeks of life among nonbreastfed infants. Important factors that must be considered when selecting HIV-1 diagnostic assays for pediatric patients and when choosing the timing of such assays include the age of the child, potential timing of infection of the child, whether the infection status of the child's mother is known or unknown, the antiretroviral exposure history of the mother and of the child, and characteristics of the virus. If the mother's HIV-1 serostatus is unknown, rapid HIV-1 antibody testing of the newborn infant to identify HIV-1 exposure is essential so that antiretroviral prophylaxis can be initiated within the first 12 hours of life if test results are positive. For HIV-1–exposed infants (identified by positive maternal test results or positive antibody results for the infant shortly after birth), it has been recommended that diagnostic testing with HIV-1 DNA or RNA assays be performed within the first 14 days of life, at 1 to 2 months of age, and at 3 to 6 months of age. If any of these test results are positive, repeat testing is recommended to confirm the diagnosis of HIV-1 infection. A diagnosis of HIV-1 infection can be made on the basis of 2 positive HIV-1 DNA or RNA assay results. In nonbreastfeeding children younger than 18 months with no positive HIV-1 virologic test results, presumptive exclusion of HIV-1 infection can be based on 2 negative virologic test results (1 obtained at ≥2 weeks and 1 obtained at ≥4 weeks of age); 1 negative virologic test result obtained at ≥8 weeks of age; or 1 negative HIV-1 antibody test result obtained at ≥6 months of age. Alternatively, presumptive exclusion of HIV-1 infection can be based on 1 positive HIV-1 virologic test with at least 2 subsequent negative virologic test results (at least 1 of which is performed at ≥8 weeks of age) or negative HIV-1 antibody test results (at least 1 of which is performed at ≥6 months of age). Definitive exclusion of HIV-1 infection is based on 2 negative virologic test results, 1 obtained at ≥1 month of age and 1 obtained at ≥4 months of age, or 2 negative HIV-1 antibody test results from separate specimens obtained at ≥6 months of age. For both presumptive and definitive exclusion of infection, the child should have no other laboratory (eg, no positive virologic test results) or clinical (eg, no AIDS-defining conditions) evidence of HIV-1 infection. Many clinicians confirm the absence of HIV-1 infection with a negative HIV-1 antibody assay result at 12 to 18 months of age. For breastfeeding infants, a similar testing algorithm can be followed, with timing of testing starting from the date of complete cessation of breastfeeding instead of the date of birth.

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“…Following this landmark study, different ART regimens have demonstrated variable impact in the reduction of HIV-1 vertical transmission rates (Dabis et al 1999, Guay et al 1999, Shaffer et al 1999, Wiktor et al 1999, PST 2002, Lallemant et al 2004, Read et al 2007). In addition to ART, other interventions have contributed to the reduction of HIV-1 vertical transmission, such as elective cesarean section (C-section) (IPHIVG 1999, EMDC 1999, vaginal cleaning during the intrapartum period (Taha et al 1997), vitamin A supplementation (Semba 1997), and avoidance of breastfeeding (Nduati et al 2001, RoUsseau et al 2004.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants and trends in perinatal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission in the metropolitan area of Belo Horizonte, Brazil: 1998 - 2005

Kakehasi

Pinto

Romanelli

et al. 2008

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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6-month efficacy, tolerance, and acceptability of a short regimen of oral zidovudine to reduce vertical transmission of HIV in breastfed children in Côte d'Ivoire and Burkina Faso: a double-blind placebo-controlled multicentre trial

Cited by 461 publications

References 26 publications

Pediatric Viral Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA Levels, Timing of Infection, and Disease Progression in African HIV-1-Infected Children

Pediatric Viral Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA Levels, Timing of Infection, and Disease Progression in African HIV-1-Infected Children

Diagnosis of HIV-1 Infection in Children Younger Than 18 Months in the United States

Determinants and trends in perinatal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission in the metropolitan area of Belo Horizonte, Brazil: 1998 - 2005

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