6 Pezizomycotina: Dothideomycetes and Arthoniomycetes

Schoch, Conrad L.; Grube, Martín

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-46011-5_6

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 163 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Dothideomycetes is a large and ecologically diverse class and represents the core of ascostromatic fungi with bitunicate asci (144). Ascostromata are frequently perithecioid in appearance and are referred to as pseudothecia ( Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Xylonomycetes is one of the more recently described classes of Pezizomycetes and contains wood endophytes in Xylona (160) and endosymbionts of beetles in Symbiotaphrina, the latter of which may benefit the insect by detoxifying noxious plant compounds (161). The remaining four classes of Pezizomycotina are Arthoniomycetes, Coniocybomycetes, Lecanoromycetes, and Lichinomycetes and consist almost entirely of lichenized species (144,162). Lichens are stable symbioses between a fungus (mycobiont) and photosynthetic green alga and/or cyanobacterium (photobiont) that result in the formation of a thallus unique to the symbiosis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mazedial lichens are also known from Caliciales of Lecanoromycetes, and mazedia are known from several groups of nonlichenized Pezizomycotina (166). Arthoniomycetes is the second-largest class of lichens, and they possess bitunicate asci, although their ascomata have been interpreted as ascohymenial (144).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Fungal Tree of Life: from Molecular Systematics to Genome-Scale Phylogenies

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The kingdom Fungi is one of the more diverse clades of eukaryotes in terrestrial ecosystems, where they provide numerous ecological services ranging from decomposition of organic matter and nutrient cycling to beneficial and antagonistic associations with plants and animals. The evolutionary relationships of the kingdom have represented some of the more recalcitrant problems in systematics and phylogenetics. The advent of molecular phylogenetics, and more recently phylogenomics, has greatly advanced our understanding of the patterns and processes associated with fungal evolution, however. In this article, we review the major phyla, subphyla, and classes of the kingdom Fungi and provide brief summaries of ecologies, morphologies, and exemplar taxa. We also provide examples of how molecular phylogenetics and evolutionary genomics have advanced our understanding of fungal evolution within each of the phyla and some of the major classes. In the current classification we recognize 8 phyla, 12 subphyla, and 46 classes within the kingdom. The ancestor of fungi is inferred to be zoosporic, and zoosporic fungi comprise three lineages that are paraphyletic to the remainder of fungi. Fungi historically classified as zygomycetes do not form a monophyletic group and are paraphyletic to Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota are each monophyletic and collectively form the subkingdom Dikarya.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Fungal Tree of Life: from Molecular Systematics to Genome-Scale Phylogenies

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This fungal class was abundant on needles irrespective of the canopy height sampled. Dothideomyceta contain diverse species from a range of environments and are loosely defined as plant associates and often encountered as saprophytes of dead leaves and wood material [ 66 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What matters most? Assessment of within-canopy factors influencing the needle microbiome of the model conifer, Pinus radiata

Addison

Armstrong

Wigley

et al. 2023

Environmental Microbiome

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The assembly and function of the phyllosphere microbiome is important to the overall fitness of plants and, thereby, the ecosystems they inhabit. Presently, model systems for tree phyllosphere microbiome studies are lacking, yet forests resilient to pests, diseases, and climate change are important to support a myriad of ecosystem services impacting from local to global levels. In this study, we extend the development of model microbiome systems for trees species, particularly coniferous gymnosperms, by undertaking a structured approach assessing the phyllosphere microbiome of Pinus radiata. Canopy sampling height was the single most important factor influencing both alpha- and beta-diversity of bacterial and fungal communities (p < 0.005). Bacterial and fungal phyllosphere microbiome richness was lowest in samples from the top of the canopy, subsequently increasing in the middle and then bottom canopy samples. These differences maybe driven by either by (1) exchange of microbiomes with the forest floor and soil with the lower foliage, (2) strong ecological filtering in the upper canopy via environmental exposure (e.g., UV), (3) canopy density, (4) or combinations of factors. Most taxa present in the top canopy were also present lower in tree; as such, sampling strategies focussing on lower canopy sampling should provide good overall phyllosphere microbiome coverage for the tree. The dominant phyllosphere bacteria were Alpha-proteobacteria (Rhizobiales and Sphingomonas) along with Acidobacteria Gp1. However, the P. radiata phyllosphere microbiome samples were fungal dominated. From the top canopy samples, Arthoniomycetes and Dothideomycetes were highly represented, with abundances of Arthoniomycetes then reducing in lower canopy samples whilst abundances of Ascomycota increased. The most abundant fungal taxa were Phaeococcomyces (14.4% of total reads) and Phaeotheca spp. (10.38%). A second-order effect of canopy sampling direction was evident in bacterial community composition (p = 0.01); these directional influences were not evident for fungal communities. However, sterilisation of needles did impact fungal community composition (p = 0.025), indicating potential for community differences in the endosphere versus leaf surface compartments. Needle age was only important in relation to bacterial communities, but was canopy height dependant (interaction p = 0.008). By building an understanding of the primary and secondary factors related to intra-canopy phyllosphere microbiome variation, we provide a sampling framework to either explicitly minimise or capture variation in needle collection to enable ongoing ecological studies targeted at inter-canopy or other experimental levels.

show abstract

“…In particular, they were largely dominated by Eurotiomycetes , a monophyletic group comprising two major subclasses (Eurotiomycetidae and Chaetothyriomycetidae) of very different ascomycetous fungi (Geiser et al ., 2006). In contrast, Dothideomycetes , the most ubiquitous and diverse class in the fungal kingdom (Schoch et al ., 2009) and its sister class Arthoniomycetes , which represents the largest taxonomic group of primarily lichenized fungi outside Lecanoromycetes (Schoch and Grube, 2015), were represented by a lower percentage of ITS sequences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The poly‐extreme tolerant black yeasts are prevalent under high ultraviolet light and climatic seasonality across soils of global biomes

Coleine

Selbmann

Singh

et al. 2022

Environmental Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Black yeasts are among the most stress-tolerant organisms of the planet, thriving under all types of terrestrial habitats and extreme environments. Yet, their global patterns and ecology remain far less studied, limiting our capacity to identify the main environmental drivers of these important organisms across biomes. To fill this knowledge gap, we analysed topsoils from 235 terrestrial ecosystems across and within globally distributed climate groups (i.e. dry, temperate and continental). We found that soils are important repositories of black yeasts, and that ultraviolet light, fine soil texture, and precipitation seasonality are the most consistent environmental factors associated with their diversity across biomes. Finally, we identified Exophiala and Cladophialophora as the most dominant black yeasts genera in soils across the globe. These findings provide novel evidence of global distribution of black yeasts and their key environmental predictors, giving new insights for speculating the evolution and spreading of these extreme-tolerant organisms throughout both natural and human associated extreme environments.

show abstract

6 Pezizomycotina: Dothideomycetes and Arthoniomycetes

Cited by 12 publications

References 163 publications

The Fungal Tree of Life: from Molecular Systematics to Genome-Scale Phylogenies

The Fungal Tree of Life: from Molecular Systematics to Genome-Scale Phylogenies

What matters most? Assessment of within-canopy factors influencing the needle microbiome of the model conifer, Pinus radiata

The poly‐extreme tolerant black yeasts are prevalent under high ultraviolet light and climatic seasonality across soils of global biomes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About