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Prospero, Joseph M.; Ölmez, I.; Ames, Michael

doi:10.1023/a:1005277214288

Cited by 97 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…However, the health effects of coarse particles are still controversial, since most of the available studies were not able to isolate an independent effect of coarse particles from fine particles [20]. Furthermore, previous studies of African dust size distributions showed that long distant transport reduces the amount of heavier and larger particles in the Saharan air masses, thus increasing the relative contribution of smaller particles [21]. These data suggested than the usual definition of coarse fraction (PM 10-2.5 ) usually adopted in air pollution monitoring also in epidemiological studies should be use with caution as specific marker of Saharan dust transports, which are probably better overall described by PM 10-1 [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saharan dust and association between particulate matter and case-specific mortality: a case-crossover analysis in Madrid (Spain)

2012

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BackgroundSaharan dust intrusions are a common phenomenon in the Madrid atmosphere, leading induce exceedances of the 50 μg/m3- EU 24 h standard for PM10.MethodsWe investigated the effects of exposure to PM10 between January 2003 and December 2005 in Madrid (Spain) on daily case-specific mortality; changes of effects between Saharan and non-Saharan dust days were assessed using a time-stratified case-crossover design.ResultsSaharan dust affected 20% of days in the city of Madrid. Mean concentration of PM10 was higher during dust days (47.7 μg/m3) than non-dust days (31.4 μg/m3). The rise of mortality per 10 μg/m3 PM10 concentration were always largely for Saharan dust-days. When stratifying by season risks of PM10, at lag 1, during Saharan dust days were stronger for respiratory causes during cold season (IR% = 3.34% (95% CI: 0.36, 6.41) versus 2.87% (95% CI: 1.30, 4.47)) while for circulatory causes effects were stronger during warm season (IR% = 4.19% (95% CI: 1.34, 7.13) versus 2.65% (95% CI: 0.12, 5.23)). No effects were found for cerebrovascular causes.ConclusionsWe found evidence of strongest effects of particulate matter during Saharan dust days, providing a suggestion of effect modification, even though interaction terms were not statistically significant. Further investigation is needed to understand the mechanism by which Saharan dust increases mortality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saharan dust and association between particulate matter and case-specific mortality: a case-crossover analysis in Madrid (Spain)

2012

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“…This rare long-term record encompasses dust mass concentrations taken daily in the summer months [June, July, August, and September] and biweekly measurements during the remaining months. We utilize the 43-year daily in situ record to analyze July and August, the two largest contributors to South Florida's dust season (Prospero, 1999a(Prospero, , 1999bProspero et al, 2001;Zuidema et al, 2019). While at least trace amounts of dust are measured nearly every day of boreal summer, extremely high and low (near-zero) dust mass concentrations are episodic.…”

Section: Supporting Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subseasonal Variability of Elevated Dust Concentrations Over South Florida

et al. 2020

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Dust mass concentrations have been measured daily at Miami, Florida, in the summer months, and biweekly throughout the remaining months, since 1974. The 43‐year record of dust mass concentrations indicate large daily, seasonal, and interannual variations, with most of the dust arriving within 5–8 episodes each summer. On average, dust arrives to Miami, Florida, 10 days after emission from North Africa, with measured concentrations depending on characteristics of the lower free‐tropospheric winds due to the vast travel distance. Daily dust mass concentrations from July and August, the months that contribute the most to the annual mean, are used to characterize the synoptic conditions most favorable for dust transport. Two key regions are linked with the highest daily dust mass concentrations above Miami: (i) easterly winds, averaged over 850–500 mb, over the Tropical West Atlantic [15–25°N, 45–80°W], and (ii) southerly winds, similarly averaged, over the Florida Peninsula [20–30°N,75–80°W]. Winds within these two regions are enhanced when the North Atlantic subtropical high is displaced south and zonally elongated, relocating the western edge over Florida. A dust‐transport‐efficiency index, based on the maximum potential for dust to arrive above Miami with limited loss to deposition or mixing, identifies high‐dust loading cases on the subseasonal scale. Monthly dust‐transport‐efficiency values agree well with the monthly dust trends over the 43‐year time span. While seasonal dust loadings have been decreasing over Florida in the past decade, the transport efficiency has been increasing, possibly due to trends in the North Atlantic subtropical high.

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“…Differences in parent soils, and emission and transport processes cause substantial changes in size distribution, composition, and morphology of dust particles [Jeong and Sokolik, 2007;Sokolik et al, 2001]. The long-range transport of dust particles can influence the composition and dynamic state of the atmosphere thousands of kilometers downwind of their source region [e.g., Kallos et al, 2007;Prospero et al, 2001]. Under favorable conditions, dust particles originating from Northern and Central Africa may be elevated and travel across the Atlantic Ocean toward the Caribbean [Chiapello et al, 2005;Kallos et al, 2006;Karyampudi and Carlson, 1988;Karyampudi et al, 1999] or across the Mediterranean toward Europe, affecting both air quality and meteorology in Southern Europe [Mitsakou et al, 2008;Querol et al, 2009].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the effect of dust particles on global cloud condensation nuclei and cloud droplet number

Karydis¹,

Kumar²,

Barahona³

et al. 2011

J. Geophys. Res.

185

175

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[1] Aerosol-cloud interaction studies to date consider aerosol with a substantial fraction of soluble material as the sole source of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Emerging evidence suggests that mineral dust can act as good CCN through water adsorption onto the surface of particles. This study provides a first assessment of the contribution of insoluble dust to global CCN and cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC). Simulations are carried out with the NASA Global Modeling Initiative chemical transport model with an online aerosol simulation, considering emissions from fossil fuel, biomass burning, marine, and dust sources. CDNC is calculated online and explicitly considers the competition of soluble and insoluble CCN for water vapor. The predicted annual average contribution of insoluble mineral dust to CCN and CDNC in cloud-forming areas is up to 40 and 23.8%, respectively. Sensitivity tests suggest that uncertainties in dust size distribution and water adsorption parameters modulate the contribution of mineral dust to CDNC by 23 and 56%, respectively. Coating of dust by hygroscopic salts during the atmospheric aging causes a twofold enhancement of the dust contribution to CCN; the aged dust, however, can substantially deplete in-cloud supersaturation during the initial stages of cloud formation and can eventually reduce CDNC. Considering the hydrophilicity from adsorption and hygroscopicity from solute is required to comprehensively capture the dust-warm cloud interactions. The framework presented here addresses this need and can be easily integrated in atmospheric models.

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Untitled

Cited by 97 publications

References 25 publications

Saharan dust and association between particulate matter and case-specific mortality: a case-crossover analysis in Madrid (Spain)

Saharan dust and association between particulate matter and case-specific mortality: a case-crossover analysis in Madrid (Spain)

Subseasonal Variability of Elevated Dust Concentrations Over South Florida

On the effect of dust particles on global cloud condensation nuclei and cloud droplet number

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