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Abstract

Increasing evidence suggests that Fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) play a central role in ethanol induced organ damage. In the current study we measured FAEE formation in rats after short-term oral administration of ethanol, in the presence and absence of pre-treatment with acetyl-L-carnitine. Ethanol treatment caused a significant increase in the levels of FAEE, particularly in the brain and heart, but also in the kidney and liver. Increases in FAEE were associated with a significant increase in FAEE synthase activity, GSH transferase activity, and lipid hydroperoxide levels. Pretreatment with acetyl-L-carnitine resulted in a significant reduction of FAEE accumulation, decrease in FAEE synthase and GSH transferase activities, and lipid hydroperoxide levels. Administration of acetyl-L-carnitine greatly reduced the metabolic abnormalities due to non-oxidative ethanol metabolism, through an increment in lipid metabolism/turnover and by the modulation of the activities of enzymes associated with FAEE synthesis. These results suggest a potentially important pharmacological role for acetyl-L-carnitine in the prevention of alcohol-induced cellular damage.

Microbiome-metabolome analysis reveals alterations in the composition and metabolism of caecal microbiota and metabolites with dietary Enteromorpha polysaccharide and Yeast glycoprotein in chickens

“…Furthermore, in this study, an increase in the Acetyl-lcarnitine metabolite was observed in response to EP+YG supplementation. The role of Acetyl-l-carnitine in transferring long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria for b-oxidation have been recognized (67). The data further reinforced the lipid metabolism modulator effects of EP+YG supplementation.…”

HIV-1 infection and alcohol abuse: Neurocognitive impairment, mechanisms of neurodegeneration and therapeutic interventions

“…Cytokines were shown to inhibit astrocytic glutamate uptake in a dose-dependent manner (Hu, Sheng et al 2000). Utilization of the antioxidant, acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC), prevented ethanol-induced brain toxicity and lipid hydroperoxide levels, indicating important role for ALC in the prevention of alcohol-induced cellular damage (Calabrese, Scapagnini et al 2001; Calabrese, Scapagnini et al 2002). Furthermore, ALC treatment significantly reduced the signs of alcohol withdrawal syndrome and the level of ethanol intake in alcohol-preferring rats (Mangano, Clementi et al 2000).…”

Antioxidant Capacity of Lipid Nanoparticles Loaded with Rosemary Extract

“…These two natural acids are effective in reducing inflammation which may contribute to asthma, liver disease and heart disease [19]. According to other researchers, Rosemary extract protects the individual components of skin cells, which may prevent age-related skin damage such as wrinkles [20]. Another benefit of Rosemary extract has been shown to be the ability to inactivate toxins and then eliminate them from the liver, before they can inflict any serious damage [21], thus stimulating the liver to work more efficiently.…”