663 Alzheimer's disease and computerized pupillography

Nuzzi, Raffaele; Bogetto, C.; Ferrano, E.; Molaschi, L.; Villa, Laura; Varetto, O.; Grignolo, Federico

doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(96)80665-8

Cited by 7 publications

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“…Following the publication of the original report of pupillary sensitivity in patients with a diagnosis of probable AD, some 27 publications have appeared evaluating the use of the pupil assay as an early biomarker for AD. These reports Buque et al 1997;Feiler et al 1996;Ferrario et al 1998;FitzSimon et al 1997;Fridh et al 1996;Gomes-Tortosa et al 1996;Graff-Radford et al 1997;Growdon et al 1997;Higuchi et al 1997a;Imamura et al 1996;Kalman et al 1997;Kaneyuki et al 1998;Kono et al 1996;Kurz et al 1997;Leszek et al 1996;Litvan & FitzGibbon 1996;Loupe et al 1996;Marx et al 1995;Matsushita et al 1996;Nuzzi et al 1996;Reitner et al 1997;Robles et al 1996, Schweitzer et al 1996Tourino et al 1997;Treloar et al 1996;Woodruf-Pak et al 1996) confirmed, with rare exceptions, that patients with a diagnosis of probable AD exhibited an exaggerated response to tropicamide. However, a number of these studies had shown varying degrees of overlap in the response of AD patients and community dwelling elder controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

ApoE allelic variability influences pupil response to cholinergic challenge and cognitive impairment

Scinto

2006

Genes Brain and Behavior

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Exaggerated pupil response to dilute tropicamide has been suggested as an early biological marker for Alzheimer’s disease. The current study links apolipoprotein E (ApoE) allelic variability to the magnitude of pupil response in a sample of community‐dwelling elderly without a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease or dementia. Possession of an ɛ4 allele influences both the likelihood of exhibiting an exaggerated pupil response above a predetermined cut‐off (13% above baseline diameter) and the absolute overall magnitude of the response. Allelic variability was also shown to correlate with cognitive impairments in memory and attention. The data in this study further elucidate the nature of the biological bond between an exaggerated pupil response and the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease. ApoE allelic variability is probably linked to pupil response through its influence on tau hyperphosphorylation. The early Alzheimer’s pathology seen in the Edinger–Westphal area of cranial nerve III, a major centre for pupil control, is primarily tau‐based with significant cell loss in this nucleus leading to central denervation hypersensitivity even in elderly who are clinically silent but who have early pathology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

ApoE allelic variability influences pupil response to cholinergic challenge and cognitive impairment

Scinto

2006

Genes Brain and Behavior

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Pupillary Response as a Possible Early Biological Marker for Alzheimer’s Disease

Scinto¹

2000

Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease

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Focal pathology in the Edinger-Westphal nucleus explains pupillary hypersensitivity in Alzheimer's disease

Scinto¹,

Wu²,

Firla³

et al. 1999

Acta Neuropathologica

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Patients who suffer from Alzheimer's disease (AD) and a sub-population of community-dwelling elders show an exaggerated pupillary reaction to dilute tropicamide, a cholinergic antagonist. This finding may serve as an early diagnostic marker of AD. Here we report a likely pathological basis for this hypersensitive pupillary response. Our observations indicate that the Edinger-Westphal nucleus (EW), a known center for the control of pupillary function, is a selective target of Alzheimer pathology early in the course of the disease. In all AD cases examined, the EW contained plaques and tangles. In contrast, the adjacent somatic portion of the oculomotor complex was virtually spared of pathology. Early pathology in the EW is likely to initiate a cascade of events that may give rise to pupillary hypersensitivity.

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663 Alzheimer's disease and computerized pupillography

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

ApoE allelic variability influences pupil response to cholinergic challenge and cognitive impairment

ApoE allelic variability influences pupil response to cholinergic challenge and cognitive impairment

Pupillary Response as a Possible Early Biological Marker for Alzheimer’s Disease

Focal pathology in the Edinger-Westphal nucleus explains pupillary hypersensitivity in Alzheimer's disease

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