674. Epidemiology of Diphtheria and Antimicrobial Resistance Among Diphtheria Cases, Bijapur District, Karnataka, India, 2012–2015

Mohankumar, Sree Kalpana; Paschapur, Suresh; Mailare, Shankareppa

doi:10.1093/ofid/ofy210.681

Cited by 2 publications

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“…This study used broth microdilution and CLSI 2015 as standard [20]. In contrast to all studies above, an epidemiology study of diphtheria and antimicrobial resistance among diphtheria cases in Bijapur District, Karnataka, India, from 2012 to 2015 by Mohankumar et al showed very high incidence of penicillin resistance, of about 92% (24 of 26) of cases [46]. Unfortunately we could not get any additional data of this study from the literature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First-line antibiotic susceptibility pattern of toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae in Indonesia

et al. 2019

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BackgroundDiphtheria has been reported as an outbreak in some regions in Indonesia, most especially in East Java Province. Resistance to penicillin, erythromycin, and other antibiotics, single or multiple, has been reported in several studies. This study aims to evaluate the first-line antibiotic susceptibility pattern of toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolates.MethodsThis descriptive observational study was performed from August to November 2018. C. diphtheriae isolates were collected from diphtheria patients and carriers in East Java from 2012 to 2017 and kept at the Balai Besar Laboratorium Kesehatan Daerah Surabaya or the Public Health Laboratory of Surabaya. Sample selection was done by random cluster sampling. The sensitivity test by E-test®of the five antibiotics (penicillin, oxacillin, erythromycin, azithromycin, and clarithromycin) was done to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M45A (2015) Corynebacterium spp. for penicillin and erythromycin was used as standard.ResultsFrom 114 targeted isolates, 108 were viable and toxigenic. The E-test was performed on the viable isolates. The majority of the hosts were male (58.3%), with median (range) age of 6.5 (1–14) years. Half of the samples were from the 1 to 5-year-old age group. The isolates were acquired much more from patients (78.7%) than carriers (21.3%) and from pharyngeal swab (74.1%). Most of these isolates were from Madura Island (47.2%) and the northern and eastern parts of the province (horseshoe area). Mitis isolates were the major variant (76.9%). The susceptibility pattern of C. diphtheriae to erythromycin was better than that to penicillin. The E-test result for penicillin was 68.52% susceptible, 31.48% intermediate, and 0% resistant (MIC range, < 0.016 to 2 μg/L) and for erythromycin (MIC range, < 0.016 to > 256 μg/L) was 85.2% susceptible, 12% intermediate, and 2.8% resistant The MIC range for oxacillin was 1 to 96 μg/L, while for both azithromycin and clarithromycin were < 0.016 to > 256 μg/L.ConclusionThe susceptibility rate of C. diphtheriae to erythromycin is higher than that to penicillin. The regular update of antibiotic selection to the national guidelines is recommended. The MIC reference standard to azithromycin and clarithromycin is also needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First-line antibiotic susceptibility pattern of toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae in Indonesia

et al. 2019

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“…Metronidazole, erythromycin, penicillin-G, rifamin or clindamycin are most frequently used to treat diphtheria ( Truelove et al, 2019 ). However, multi-antibiotic resistant C. diphtheriae strains are increasingly being reported ( Floros et al, 2018 ; Mohankumar et al, 2018 ) and new antibiotic therapies are required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The traditional use of southern African medicinal plants for the treatment of bacterial respiratory diseases: A review of the ethnobotany and scientific evaluations

Cock

Vuuren

2020

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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Ethnopharmacological relevance Multiple plant species were used traditionally in southern Africa to treat bacterial respiratory diseases. This review summarises this usage and highlights plant species that are yet to be verified for these activities. Aim of the study This manuscript reviews the traditional usage of southern African plant species to treat bacterial respiratory diseases with the aim of highlighting gaps in the literature and focusing future studies. Materials and methods An extensive review of ethnobotanical books, reviews and primary scientific studies was undertaken to identify southern African plants which are used in traditional southern African medicine to treat bacterial respiratory diseases. We also searched for southern African plants whose inhibitory activity against bacterial respiratory pathogens has been conmfirmed, to highlight gaps in the literature and focus future studies. Results One hundred and eighty-seven southern African plant species are recorded as traditional therapies for bacterial respiratory infections. Scientific evaluations of 178 plant species were recorded, although only 42 of these were selected for screening on the basis of their ethnobotanical uses. Therefore, the potential of 146 species used teraditionally to treat bacterial respiratory diseases are yet to be verified. Conclusions The inhibitory properties of southern African medicinal plants against bacterial respiratory pathogens is relatively poorly explored and the antibacterial activity of most plant species remains to be verified.

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674. Epidemiology of Diphtheria and Antimicrobial Resistance Among Diphtheria Cases, Bijapur District, Karnataka, India, 2012–2015

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

First-line antibiotic susceptibility pattern of toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae in Indonesia

First-line antibiotic susceptibility pattern of toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae in Indonesia

The traditional use of southern African medicinal plants for the treatment of bacterial respiratory diseases: A review of the ethnobotany and scientific evaluations

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