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The density distributions of large nuclei are typically modeled with a Woods-Saxon distribution characterized by a radius R 0 and skin depth a. Deformation parameters β are then introduced to describe non-spherical nuclei using an expansion in spherical harmonics R 0 (1+β 2 Y 0 2 +β 4 Y 0 4 ). But when a nucleus is non-spherical, the R 0 and a inferred from electron scattering experiments that integrate over all nuclear orientations cannot be used directly as the parameters in the Woods-Saxon distribution. In addition, the β 2 values typically derived from the reduced electric quadrupole transition probability B(E2)↑ are not directly related to the β 2 values used in the spherical harmonic expansion. B(E2)↑ is more accurately related to the intrinsic quadrupole moment Q 0 than to β 2 . One can however calculate Q 0 for a given β 2 and then derive B(E2)↑ from Q 0 . In this paper we calculate and tabulate the R 0 , a, and β 2 values that when used in a Woods-Saxon distribution, will give results consistent with electron scattering data. We then present calculations of the second and third harmonic participant eccentricity (ε 2 and ε 3 ) with the new and old parameters. We demonstrate that ε 3 is particularly sensitive to a and argue that using the incorrect value of a has important implications for the extraction of viscosity to entropy ratio (η/s) from the QGP created in Heavy Ion collisions.

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“…with m = √ 12/0.877 reproducing the proton RMSradius 0.877 fm. For neutrons, we use the following form [23]:…”

Section: Parameterization Of Deformed Nucleimentioning

confidence: 99%

Parameterization of deformed nuclei for Glauber modeling in relativistic heavy ion collisions

et al. 2015

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“…In the last decade, the effects of coupling to the δ meson like field on nuclear structure properties of the drip-line nuclei, on the dynamic situations of heavy ion collisions and on asymmetric nuclear matter are investigated [2,3,4,5]. Recently, the density dependent coupling constants are introduced additionally to reexamine the δ meson effects on properties of finite nuclei and asymmetric nuclear matter in the Quantum Hadron Dynamics (QHD) model [6,7]. The δ meson effects are also investigated in other models, such as a chiral SU(3) model [8], a relativistic point coupling model [9], relativistic transport model [10] and so on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Δ Meson Effects on Neutron Stars in the Modified Quark–meson Coupling Model

Niu

Gao

2010

Int. J. Mod. Phys. E

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The properties of neutron stars are investigated by including δ meson field in the Lagrangian density of modified quark-meson coupling model. The Σ − population with δ meson is larger than that without δ meson at the beginning, but it becomes smaller than that without δ meson as the appearance of Ξ − . The δ meson has opposite effects on hadronic matter with or without hyperons: it softens the EOSes of hadronic matter with hyperons, while it stiffens the EOSes of pure nucleonic matter. Furthermore, the leptons and the hyperons have the similar influence on δ meson effects. The δ meson increases the maximum masses of neutron stars. The influence of (σ * , φ) on the δ meson effects are also investigated. INTRODUCTIONδ meson is an isovector scalar meson, its contribution is expected to be neglectable in nuclei with small isospin asymmetry and in nuclear matter at saturation density. However, for strongly isospin-asymmetric matter at high densities in neutron stars the contribution of the δ field should be considered [1]. In the last decade, the effects of coupling to the δ meson like field on nuclear structure properties of the drip-line nuclei, on the dynamic situations of heavy ion collisions and on asymmetric nuclear matter are investigated [2,3,4,5]. Recently, the density dependent coupling constants are introduced additionally to reexamine the δ meson effects on properties of finite nuclei and asymmetric nuclear matter in the Quantum Hadron Dynamics (QHD) model [6,7]. The δ meson effects are also investigated in other models, such as a chiral SU(3) model [8], a relativistic point coupling model [9], relativistic transport model [10] and so on. But there is no similar work in the quark-meson coupling (QMC) model yet, so we will investigate the δ meson effects by using this model in this paper.The quark-meson coupling model was proposed by Guichon in 1988 [11] where nuclear matter is described as nonoverlapping MIT bags interacting through the exchange of mesons in the mean-field approximation. The effective nucleon masses in the QMC model are obtained self-consistently at the quark level, which is an important difference from QHD model. The model is refined by including nucleon Fermi motion and center of mass corrections to the bag energy by Fleck [12]. Jin and Jennings introduced the density-dependent bag constant, which is called modified quark-meson coupling (MQMC) model, to get larger scalar and vector potentials compatible with experiments [13]. Furthermore, the MQMC model possibly includes the effects of quark-quark correlations associated with overlapping bags which was missing in the original QMC model, therefore it is applicable at the densities appropriate to neutron stars. The (σ * , φ) meson fields are incorporated to account for the strong attractive ΛΛ interaction observed in hypernuclei which cannot be reproduced by the (σ, ω, ρ) only in MQMC model [14]. The MQMC model gives a satisfactory description of finite nuclei [15] and nuclear matter [16], and it is widely used in nuclear physics. For exa...

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Cited by 2 publications

References 24 publications

Parameterization of deformed nuclei for Glauber modeling in relativistic heavy ion collisions

Parameterization of deformed nuclei for Glauber modeling in relativistic heavy ion collisions

Δ Meson Effects on Neutron Stars in the Modified Quark–meson Coupling Model

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