6W, 1 kHz linewidth, tunable continuous-wave near-infrared laser

Chiow, Sheng‐wey; Herrmann, Sven; Müller, Holger; Chu, Steven

doi:10.1364/oe.17.005246

Cited by 26 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…Multiphoton interactions can increase the recoil momentum to a multiple nhk of the single photon recoil [19][20][21][22][23] but are limited by the available laser power (e.g. 6 W in [24], 43 W in [25]). Finally, wavefront distortions spread the local wavevector around its mean, lowering interference contrast and reducing both sensitivity and accuracy.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…For example, Bragg diffraction requires an intensity proportional to n 2 for constant pulse duration, or n 4 for constant single-photon scattering rate at an increased detuning [26]. With resonant enhancement in a cavity, we may achieve n = 50 − 100-photon Bragg transitions using tens of milliwatts of power from a standard diode laser as opposed to the multiple watt systems recently developed [24,25]. Similarly, we can reduce scattering from optical lattices by using increased intensity at a larger detuning.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Atom Interferometry in an Optical Cavity

et al. 2015

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We propose and demonstrate a new scheme for atom interferometry, using light pulses inside an optical cavity as matter wave beamsplitters. The cavity provides power enhancement, spatial filtering, and a precise beam geometry, enabling new techniques such as low power beamsplitters (< 100 µW), large momentum transfer beamsplitters with modest power, or new self-aligned interferometer geometries utilizing the transverse modes of the optical cavity. As a first demonstration, we obtain Ramsey-Raman fringes with > 75% contrast and measure the acceleration due to gravity, g, to 60 µg/ √ Hz resolution in a Mach-Zehnder geometry. We use > 10 7 cesium atoms in the compact mode volume (600 µm 1/e 2 waist) of the cavity and show trapping of atoms in higher transverse modes. This work paves the way toward compact, high sensitivity, multi-axis interferometry.In a light-pulse atom interferometer, recoils from photon-atom interactions are used to split and interfere matter waves (see Fig. 1). These interferometers have been used to measure the gravitational acceleration g [1], rotation Ω [2], gravity gradients [3], the fine structure constant [4], Newton's gravitational constant [5,6], and absolute masses in a proposed revision of the SI [7,8]; to test Einstein's equivalence principle [9][10][11][12]; and have been proposed to measure the free fall of antimatter [13] and to detect gravitational waves [14][15][16]. The sensitivity of a conventional Mach-Zehnder interferometer increases with the measured phase difference(1) (where v 0 is the initial velocity of the atom), which scales with the pulse separation time T and the recoil momentum p =h k eff , where k eff is the effective wavenumber of the photons. State of the art atom interferometers are limited by several engineering boundaries. T is limited by the free-fall time in atomic fountains, which are now as high as 10 m [17,18]. Multiphoton interactions can increase the recoil momentum to a multiple nhk of the single photon recoil [19][20][21][22][23] but are limited by the available laser power (e.g. 6 W in [24], 43 W in [25]). Finally, wavefront distortions spread the local wavevector around its mean, lowering interference contrast and reducing both sensitivity and accuracy. An optical cavity can solve these problems by providing spatial filtering to clean the wavefronts and enhancing laser intensity. However, running an atom interferometer inside an optical cavity presents challenges in keeping the atoms in the relatively small cavity mode volume and having multiple laser frequencies (needed due to recoil frequency shifts, Doppler shifts, and atomic structure) simultaneously resonant with the cavity. Here, we present a cesium atom interferometer inside an in-vacuum optical cavity and demonstrate gravity measurements using less than 100µW of laser power incident on the cavity.The use of an optical cavity has many advantages. First, laser power limits interferometers using both large momentum transfer beamsplitters and optical lattices. is modulated at the hyperfine frequ...

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Atom Interferometry in an Optical Cavity

et al. 2015

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“…T is limited by the free-fall time in atomic fountains, which are now as high as 10 m [17,18]. Multiphoton interactions can increase the recoil momentum to a multiple nℏk of the single photon recoil [19][20][21][22][23] but are limited by the available laser power (e.g., 6 W in [24], 43 W in [25]). Finally, wave front distortions spread the local wave vector around its mean, lowering interference contrast and reducing both sensitivity and accuracy.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Bragg diffraction requires an intensity proportional to n 2 for constant pulse duration, or n 4 for a constant single-photon scattering rate at an increased detuning [26]. With resonant enhancement in a cavity, we may achieve n ¼ 50-100 photon Bragg transitions using tens of milliwatts of power from a standard diode laser as opposed to the multiple watt systems recently developed [24,25]. Similarly, we can reduce scattering from optical lattices by using increased intensity at a larger detuning.…”

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confidence: 99%

More Power to Atom Interferometry

Cronin

Trubko²

2015

Physics

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We propose and demonstrate a new scheme for atom interferometry, using light pulses inside an optical cavity as matter wave beam splitters. The cavity provides power enhancement, spatial filtering, and a precise beam geometry, enabling new techniques such as low power beam splitters (< 100 μW), large momentum transfer beam splitters with modest power, or new self-aligned interferometer geometries utilizing the transverse modes of the optical cavity. As a first demonstration, we obtain Ramsey-Raman fringes with > 75% contrast and measure the acceleration due to gravity, g, to 60 μg= ffiffiffiffiffiffi Hz p resolution in a Mach-Zehnder geometry. We use > 10 7 cesium atoms in the compact mode volume (600 μm 1=e 2 waist) of the cavity and show trapping of atoms in higher transverse modes. This work paves the way toward compact, high sensitivity, multiaxis interferometry. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.100405 PACS numbers: 03.75.Dg, 06.30.Gv, 37.25.+k, 37.30.+i In a light-pulse atom interferometer, recoils from photonatom interactions are used to split and interfere matter waves (see Fig. 1). These interferometers have been used to measure the gravitational accelerationg [1], rotationΩ [2], gravity gradients [3], the fine structure constant [4], Newton's gravitational constant [5,6], and absolute masses in a proposed revision of the SI [7,8], to test Einstein's equivalence principle [9][10][11][12], and have been proposed to measure the free fall of antimatter [13] and to detect gravitational waves [14][15][16]. The sensitivity of a conventional Mach-Zehnder interferometer increases with the measured phase difference(whereṽ 0 is the initial velocity of the atom), which scales with the pulse separation time T and the recoil momentum p ¼ ℏk eff , wherek eff is the effective wave number of the photons. State of the art atom interferometers are limited by several engineering boundaries. T is limited by the free-fall time in atomic fountains, which are now as high as 10 m [17,18]. Multiphoton interactions can increase the recoil momentum to a multiple nℏk of the single photon recoil [19][20][21][22][23] but are limited by the available laser power (e.g., 6 W in [24], 43 W in [25]). Finally, wave front distortions spread the local wave vector around its mean, lowering interference contrast and reducing both sensitivity and accuracy. An optical cavity can solve these problems by providing spatial filtering to clean the wave fronts and enhancing laser intensity. However, running an atom interferometer inside an optical cavity presents challenges in keeping the atoms in the relatively small cavity mode volume and having multiple laser frequencies (needed due to recoil frequency shifts, Doppler shifts, and atomic structure) simultaneously resonant with the cavity. Here, we present a cesium atom interferometer inside an in-vacuum optical cavity and demonstrate gravity measurements using less than 100 μW of laser power incident on the cavity.The use of an optical cavity has many advantages. First, laser power limits interferom...

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“…2 . We generate the two laser beams from a common 6 W titanium:sapphire laser and use acoustooptical modulators to shift the frequency of the laser [19] and optimize the efficiency of the Bragg diffraction beam splitter by adjusting Gaussian pulse width to about 100 s [11,14]. The beam is collimated at a 1=e 2 intensity radius of 3.6 mm and sent vertically upwards to a retroreflection mirror inside the vacuum chamber.…”

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confidence: 99%

Precision Measurement with Cold Atoms

Close¹,

Robins²

2012

Physics

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In a light-pulse atom interferometer, we use a tip-tilt mirror to remove the influence of the Coriolis force from Earth's rotation and to characterize configuration space wave packets. For interferometers with a large momentum transfer and large pulse separation time, we improve the contrast by up to 350% and suppress systematic effects. We also reach what is to our knowledge the largest space-time area enclosed in any atom interferometer to date. We discuss implications for future high-performance instruments. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.090402 PACS numbers: 03.75.Dg, 06.30.Gv, 37.25.+k, 67.85.Àd Light-pulse atom interferometers use atom-photon interactions to coherently split, guide, and recombine freely falling matter-waves [1]. They are important in measurements of local gravity [2], the gravity gradient [3], the Sagnac effect [4], Newton's gravitational constant [5], the fine structure constant [6], and tests of fundamental laws of physics [7][8][9]. Recent progress in increased momentum transfer led to larger areas enclosed between the interferometer arms [10][11][12] and, combined with commonmode noise rejection between simultaneous interferometers [13,14], to strongly increased sensitivity. With these advances, what used to be a minuscule systematic effect now impacts interferometer performance: The Coriolis force caused by Earth's rotation has long been known to cause systematic effects [2]. In this Letter, we not only demonstrate that it causes severe loss of contrast in large space-time atom interferometers, but also use a tip-tilt mirror [15] to compensate for it, improving contrast (by up to 350%), pulse separation time, and sensitivity, and characterize the configuration space wave packets. In addition, we remove the systematic shift arising from the Sagnac effect [16]. This leads to the largest space-time area enclosed in any atom interferometer yet demonstrated, given by a momentum transfer of 10@k, where @k is the momentum of one photon, and a pulse separation time of 250 ms. Figure 1 shows the atom's trajectories in our apparatus. We first consider the upper two paths: At a time t 0 , an atom of mass m in free fall is illuminated by a laser pulse of wave number k. Atom-photon interactions coherently transfer the momentum of a number 2n of photons to the atom with about 50% probability, placing the atom into a coherent superposition of two quantum states that separate with a relative velocity of 2nv r , where v r ¼ @k=m is the recoil velocity. An interval T later, a second pulse stops that relative motion and another interval T 0 later, a third pulse directs the wave packets towards each other. The packets meet again at t 4 ¼ t 1 þ 2T þ T 0 when a final pulse overlaps the atoms. The probability of detecting an atom in a particular output of the interferometer is given by cos 2 ðÁ=2Þ, where Á is the phase difference accumulated by the matter wave between the two paths. It can be calculated to be Á AE ¼ 8n 2 ð@k 2 =2mÞT AE nkgTðT þ T 0 Þ, the sum of a recoil-induced term 8n 2 ð@k 2 =2mÞT, and...

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6W, 1 kHz linewidth, tunable continuous-wave near-infrared laser

Cited by 26 publications

References 11 publications

Atom Interferometry in an Optical Cavity

Atom Interferometry in an Optical Cavity

More Power to Atom Interferometry

Precision Measurement with Cold Atoms

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