7.5 Abundant Marine Calcium Sulphates: Radical Change of Seawater Sulphate Reservoir and Sulphur Cycle

Strauß, Harald; Melezhik, Victor A.; Reuschel, M.; Fallick, Anthony E.; Lepland, Aivo; Rychanchik, Dmitry V.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-29670-3_5

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…These isotope values yield fractionations during sulfate reduction of between 30‰ to 40‰, assuming a δ 34 S of 10‰ for sulfate (24). Such high fractionations are consistent with an abundant sulfate pool of well over 200 μM in concentration (40), complimenting other evidence for elevated sulfate, including thick beds of evaporitic sulfate deposited during the Lomagundi excursion (17,20,22), as well as sulfate cements, layers, and other sulfate precipitates in various places in the FA and FC units in Gabon (21).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 58%

“…Organic carbon burial is a source of oxygen to the atmosphere, and it also has been suggested that the Lomagundi excursion may have driven atmospheric oxygen to higher levels than attained during the GOE itself (17,19). The deposition of massive calcium sulfate deposits during the Lomagundi Event (20)(21)(22), indicating elevated seawater sulfate concentrations, would be consistent with this increase in oxygen. Also, the concentrations of uranium in shales deposited in anoxic marine waters during the Lomagundi excursion show enrichment compared with shales deposited both before and after the excursion (23).…”

mentioning

confidence: 87%

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Oxygen dynamics in the aftermath of the Great Oxidation of Earth’s atmosphere

Canfield

Ngombi-Pemba

Hammarlund

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

123

139

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The oxygen content of Earth's atmosphere has varied greatly through time, progressing from exceptionally low levels before about 2.3 billion years ago, to much higher levels afterward. In the absence of better information, we usually view the progress in Earth's oxygenation as a series of steps followed by periods of relative stasis. In contrast to this view, and as reported here, a dynamic evolution of Earth's oxygenation is recorded in ancient sediments from the Republic of Gabon from between about 2,150 and 2,080 million years ago. The oldest sediments in this sequence were deposited in well-oxygenated deep waters whereas the youngest were deposited in euxinic waters, which were globally extensive. These fluctuations in oxygenation were likely driven by the comings and goings of the Lomagundi carbon isotope excursion, the longest-lived positive δ 13 C excursion in Earth history, generating a huge oxygen source to the atmosphere. As the Lomagundi event waned, the oxygen source became a net oxygen sink as Lomagundi organic matter became oxidized, driving oxygen to low levels; this state may have persisted for 200 million years.GOE | Paleoproterozoic | marine chemistry | Mo isotope | trace metal

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 58%

mentioning

confidence: 87%

Oxygen dynamics in the aftermath of the Great Oxidation of Earth’s atmosphere

Canfield

Ngombi-Pemba

Hammarlund

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

123

139

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“…Δ 33 S values in diagenetic pyrite within the barite beds are similarly negative to those of the barite, which is consistent with the involvement of microbial sulfate reduction (MSR) in the Archean sulfur cycle and its propensity to preserve preexisting MIF signatures while executing mass‐dependent sulfur isotope fractionation (MDF) (Bao et al, 2007; Farquhar et al, 2001; Hofmann et al, 2009; Muller et al, 2016; Roerdink et al, 2012; Shen et al, 2009; Ueno et al, 2008). Despite the occurrence of both pyrite and barite with negative Δ 33 S signatures, the Archean rock record as a whole seems to show a surplus of positive values, resulting in an unbalanced archive (Farquhar et al, 2007; Philippot et al, 2012; Strauss et al, 2013). However, bulk analyses of sulfur from modern drainages of Archean crustal blocks (Superior and Kaapvaal Craton) indicate that Archean crust as a whole shows a balanced Δ 33 S signature (Torres et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ S‐isotope compositions of sulfate and sulfide from the 3.2 Ga Moodies Group, South Africa: A record of oxidative sulfur cycling

et al. 2020

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Sulfate minerals are rare in the Archean rock record and largely restricted to the occurrence of barite 5 (BaSO 4). The origin of this barite remains controversially debated. The mass-independent fractionation 6 of sulfur isotopes in these and other Archean sedimentary rocks suggests that photolysis of volcanic 7 aerosols in an oxygen-poor atmosphere played an important role in their formation. Here we report 8 on the multiple sulfur-isotopic composition of sedimentary anhydrite in the ca. 3.22 Ga Moodies Group 9 of the Barberton Greenstone Belt, southern Africa. Anhydrite occurs, together with barite and pyrite, 10 in regionally traceable beds that formed in fluvial settings. Variable abundances of barite vs. anhydrite 11 reflect changes in sulfate enrichment by evaporitic concentration across orders of magnitude in an 12 arid, nearshore terrestrial environment, periodically replenished by influxes of seawater. The multiple 13 S-isotope compositions of anhydrite and pyrite are consistent with microbial sulfate reduction. S-14 isotope signatures in barite suggest an additional, oxidative sulfate source probably derived from 15 continental weathering of sulfide possibly enhanced by microbial sulfur oxidation. Although 16 depositional environments of Moodies sulfate minerals differ strongly from marine barite deposits, 17 their sulfur-isotopic composition is similar and most likely reflects a primary isotopic signature. The 18 data indicate that a constant input of small portions of oxidized sulfur from the continents into the 19 ocean may have contributed to the observed long-term increase of Δ 33 S sulfate values through the 20 Paleoarchean.

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“…The earlier major change in atmospheric and ocean chemistry related to the GOE was accompanied by the buildup of sulfate in seawater (e.g., Strauss et al, 2013), creating prerequisites for bacterial sulfate reduction and the establishment of H 2 Srich anoxic water columns. The earlier major change in atmospheric and ocean chemistry related to the GOE was accompanied by the buildup of sulfate in seawater (e.g., Strauss et al, 2013), creating prerequisites for bacterial sulfate reduction and the establishment of H 2 Srich anoxic water columns.…”

Section: Geological Evolution Of the Bedrock Of Finlandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of the Geological Evolution and Metallogeny of Finland

Hanski¹

2015

Mineral Deposits of Finland

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7.5 Abundant Marine Calcium Sulphates: Radical Change of Seawater Sulphate Reservoir and Sulphur Cycle

Cited by 6 publications

References 73 publications

Oxygen dynamics in the aftermath of the Great Oxidation of Earth’s atmosphere

Oxygen dynamics in the aftermath of the Great Oxidation of Earth’s atmosphere

In situ S‐isotope compositions of sulfate and sulfide from the 3.2 Ga Moodies Group, South Africa: A record of oxidative sulfur cycling

Synthesis of the Geological Evolution and Metallogeny of Finland

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