700 W blue fiber-coupled diode-laser emitting at 450 nm

Balck, Anne; Baumann, Markus; Malchus, Jörg; Marfels, Sören; Witte, Ulrich; Dinakaran, Deepak; Ocylok, Sörn; Weinbach, Matthias; Bachert, Charley; Kösters, Arnd; Krause, Volker; Lell, A.; König, Harald; Stojetz, Bernhard; Strauß, Uwe; Löffler, Andreas; Chacko, Rony Vincent

doi:10.1117/12.2286631

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…TRUMPF has also demonstrated the printing of copper with a green laser [23] with a maximum power output of 1 kW [24]. Blue lasers are now being investigated to weld copper with wavelengths of 450 nm [25] and powers up to 700 W [26]. An alternative approach to improving the laser processability of copper is through alloying; however, elemental modification to pure copper generally tends to negatively influence the resistivity of the resultant copper alloy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical resistivity of pure copper processed by medium-powered laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing for use in electromagnetic applications

Silbernagel

Gargalis

Ashcroft

et al. 2019

Additive Manufacturing

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Pure copper is an excellent thermal and electrical conductor, however, attempts to process it with additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have seen various levels of success. While electron beam melting (EBM) has successfully processed pure copper to high densities, laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) has had difficulties achieving the same results without the use of very high power lasers. This requirement has hampered the exploration of using LPBF with pure copper as most machines are equipped with lasers that have low to medium laser power densities. In this work, experiments were conducted to process pure copper with a 200W LPBF machine with a small laser spot diameter resulting in an above average laser power density in order to maximise density and achieve low electrical resistivity. The effects of initial build orientation and post heat treatment were also investigated to explore their influence on electrical resistivity. It was found that despite issues with high porosity, heat treated specimens had a lower electrical resistivity than other common AM materials such as the aluminium alloy AlSi10Mg. By conducting these tests, it was found that despite having approximately double the resistivity of commercially pure copper, the resistivity was sufficiently low enough to demonstrate the potential to use AM to process copper suitable for electrical applications. Highlights• Medium powered LPBF machines can process pure Cu to an acceptable level.• Resistivity of as-built Cu increases by 33% depending on initial build orientation.• Resistivity can be reduced by over 50% from as-built conditions via heat treatment.• Electrical resistivity values once heat treated are lower than AlSi10Mg values.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical resistivity of pure copper processed by medium-powered laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing for use in electromagnetic applications

Silbernagel

Gargalis

Ashcroft

et al. 2019

Additive Manufacturing

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show abstract

“…On the other end of the power scale, there is the need for blue light sources in the range of several kW output power. Such light sources are typically realized by combining multiple stacks of laser bars and coupling the output of these into one fiber [3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. Using polarization coupling of devices emitting at 450nm, output powers of 2 kW have been reached.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

InGaN semiconductor laser diodes for the visible spectral range: design and process optimization of single emitters and bars for applications from mW to kW output power

Gerhard

Naehle²,

Jentzsch

et al. 2023

Gallium Nitride Materials and Devices XVIII

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InGaN lasers in the blue and green wavelength range have opened a wide variety of applications in the past years, which all require unique properties of the employed laser chips. In this paper we will show design and process developments for various InGaN laser designs, each optimized for its specific application.For applications which are very sensitive to energy consumption, like mobile AR/VR devices, we investigated InGaN laser chips with resonator lengths as short as 50 µm. To achieve this, we developed an etched facets technology to overcome the challenges of scribing and breaking for facet generation for such short resonator lengths. The etched facets of these devices are coated on-wafer with a dielectric mirror to achieve the desired reflectivity. Depending on the reflectivity chosen, these devices show ultra-low threshold currents below 3mA and output powers above 50 mW. Combined with a flip-chip design with both contacts on one side, such chips can be integrated into silicon wafer-based beam combiners to generate RBG PIC chips for VR/AR laser projection.For high power applications, we will present data of laser bars. Bars emitting at 430 nm achieved 100 W of continuouswave output power per bar and conversion efficiencies of 50%. Together with bars emitting at 450 nm, that were shown in previous publications, wavelength-multiplexing for materials-processing systems can be realized yielding blue laser light sources with multiple kilowatts of output powers.

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Blue High‐Power Laser Diodes ‐‐ Beam Sources for Novel Applications

Behringer

König²

2020

PhotonicsViews

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High‐power diode lasers are possibly the most efficient way of making electrical energy usable for material processing, like welding, cutting, soldering or other high‐power applications. While IR laser were invented over fifty years ago and have been used in industry for more than two decades, GaN high‐power lasers have only recently been used for material processing, especially for welding and soldering of copper. Although the blue wavelength offers unique and undisputable advantages over IR for the latter application, some difficulties still had to be overcome. Here is an overview of the development steps of GaN lasers from their commercial beginnings as a 1 mW light source in Blue‐ray players to today's 1.5 kW system. Also, important investigations to reach power efficiencies of 40 % will be explained as well as considerations to reach lifetimes of 65 khr and longer. We also venture a prediction of future developments based on a comparison to IR laser diodes.

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700 W blue fiber-coupled diode-laser emitting at 450 nm

Cited by 11 publications

References 2 publications

Electrical resistivity of pure copper processed by medium-powered laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing for use in electromagnetic applications

Electrical resistivity of pure copper processed by medium-powered laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing for use in electromagnetic applications

InGaN semiconductor laser diodes for the visible spectral range: design and process optimization of single emitters and bars for applications from mW to kW output power

Blue High‐Power Laser Diodes ‐‐ Beam Sources for Novel Applications

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