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Abstract

hypertension and biventricular heart failure. 53% were male. Patients ranged in age from 4 days to 18 months (mean age 5.3 months). 93% patients had at least 1 VTE associated with a central venous line (CVL) detected by ultrasound, with 1 patient developing thrombus in a BT shunt. 46.7% had >1 location with VTE. 78.6% had percutaneous CVLs, with line tip not within vena cava in 63.6%. Mean number of days from central line insertion to thrombus discovery was 8.6 days. 33% of patients were on heparin at time of thrombus discovery to maintain shunt patency, but none had systemic levels of heparin. General inflammatory state, line association, and surgery 200 ml/day) developed VTE. Only 2 patients were found to have a genetic prothrombotic predisposition. Conclusions: Patients with heart disease are at high risk for VTE development due to multiple risk factors; this can be particularly worrisome in single ventricle patients who rely on patent neck and chest venous connections for appropriate function of palliated cardiac shunts. These risk factors can help further develop anticoagulation protocols and VTE management for this complex population.