8.3 M-Pixel 480-fps Global-Shutter CMOS Image Sensor with Gain-Adaptive Column ADCs and Chip-on-Chip Stacked Integration

Oike, Yusuke; Akiyama, Kentaro; Hung, Luong Dinh; Niitsuma, Wataru; Kato, Akihiko; Sato, Mamoru; Kato, Y.; Nakamura, Wataru; Shiroshita, Hiroshi; Sakano, Yorito; Kitano, Yasuyuki; Nakamura, Takuya; Toyama, Takayuki; Iwamoto, Hayato; Ezaki, Takayuki

doi:10.1109/jssc.2016.2639741

Cited by 36 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…A pseudo multiple sampling technique using a single-slope ADC samples the pixel output many times and averages their ADC outputs to produce a noise-reduced resolution-increased digital signal [15]. A dual-gain A/D conversion using a single-slope ADC and two slope gains to the same pixel output is also a simple and effective technique for obtaining reduced noise and extended intrascene dynamic range at relatively high pixel rate [20].…”

Section: Cyclic Adc and Cyclic-based Pipelined Adcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(21). This FoM is recently often used for evaluating CISs with introducing new techniques for extended dynamic range [20], [23], [82].…”

Section: Definition Of Figures Of Merit Of Cmos Image Sensors With Comentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[23] reported in 2017 which uses a global shutter pixel and dual-gain amplified single-slope ADC and Ref. [20] reported in 2015 which uses BSI, 3D-Stacking, and a single-slope ADC. Be- fore these development, the front-line looks around 4 [(e-) 2 nJ].…”

Section: Fom-based Performance Evaluation Of Column-parallel Adcs Formentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The diagonal line in the region of pixel rate of < 700MHz shows FoM 3L defined in Eq. (20). The frontline of the best FoM in this definition is currently around 0.25 [e-pJ/DRU], and the CISs of Ref.…”

Section: Fom-based Performance Evaluation Of Column-parallel Adcs Formentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this region, the CIS of Ref. [20] using a global shutter, 3D-stacking at peripheral area, and adaptive dual-slope ADC is on the frontline. The CIS in Ref.…”

Section: Fom-based Performance Evaluation Of Column-parallel Adcs Formentioning

confidence: 99%

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Column-Parallel ADCs for CMOS Image Sensors and Their FoM-Based Evaluations

Kawahito

2018

IEICE Trans. Electron.

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This paper reviews architectures and topologies for column-parallel analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) used for CMOS image sensors (CISs) and discusses the performance of CISs using columnparallel ADCs based on figures-of-merit (FoM) with considering noise models which behave differently at low/middle and high pixel-rate regions. Various FoM considering different performance factors are defined. The defined FoM are applied to surveyed data on reported CISs using columnparallel ADCs which are categorized into 4 types; single slope, SAR, cyclic and delta-sigma ADCs. The FoM defined by (noise) 2 (power)/(pixel-rate) separately for low/middle and high pixel-rate regions well explains the frontline of the CIS' performance in all the pixel rates. Using the FoM defined by (noise) 2 (power)/(intrascene dynamic range)(pixel-rate), the effectiveness of recently-reported techniques for extended-dynamic-range CISs is clarified.

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Section: Cyclic Adc and Cyclic-based Pipelined Adcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(21). This FoM is recently often used for evaluating CISs with introducing new techniques for extended dynamic range [20], [23], [82].…”

Section: Definition Of Figures Of Merit Of Cmos Image Sensors With Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fom-based Performance Evaluation Of Column-parallel Adcs Formentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fom-based Performance Evaluation Of Column-parallel Adcs Formentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this region, the CIS of Ref. [20] using a global shutter, 3D-stacking at peripheral area, and adaptive dual-slope ADC is on the frontline. The CIS in Ref.…”

Section: Fom-based Performance Evaluation Of Column-parallel Adcs Formentioning

confidence: 99%

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