Rising antimicrobial
resistance challenges our ability to combat
bacterial infections. The problem is acute for tuberculosis (TB),
the leading cause of death from infection before COVID-19. Here, we
developed a framework for multiple pharmaceutical companies to share
proprietary information and compounds with multiple laboratories in
the academic and government sectors for a broad examination of the
ability of β-lactams to kill
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(Mtb). In the TB Drug Accelerator (TBDA), a consortium organized
by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, individual pharmaceutical
companies collaborate with academic screening laboratories. We developed
a higher order consortium within the TBDA in which four pharmaceutical
companies (GlaxoSmithKline, Sanofi, MSD, and Lilly) collectively collaborated
with screeners at Weill Cornell Medicine, the Infectious Disease Research
Institute (IDRI), and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious
Diseases (NIAID), pharmacologists at Rutgers University, and medicinal
chemists at the University of North Carolina to screen ∼8900
β-lactams, predominantly cephalosporins, and characterize active
compounds. In a striking contrast to historical expectation, 18% of
β-lactams screened were active against Mtb, many without a β-lactamase
inhibitor. One potent cephaloporin was active in Mtb-infected mice.
The steps outlined here can serve as a blueprint for multiparty, intra-
and intersector collaboration in the development of anti-infective
agents.