8[prime]-Methylene Abscisic Acid (An Effective and Persistent Analog of Abscisic Acid)

Abstract

l h e alteration in the ABA structure causes the analog to be metabolized more slowly than ABA, resulting in longer-lasting and more effective biological activity relative to ABA.The plant hormone (+)-ABA ( Fig. 1) regulates diverse aspects of plant growth, including development and germination of seeds, transpiration, and adaptive responses to environmental stresses (Zeevaart and Creelman, 1988;Davies and Jones, 1991). Considerable progress has been made in the identification of ABA-responsive genes, mutant characterization, and signaling (Bray, 1993;Chandler and Robertson, 1994;Giraudat et al., 1994). However, examination of the mechanisms of ABA action, identification of receptor proteins, and cellular localization of the hormone have been restricted by the rapid turnover of ABA in plants. Similarly, agricultura1 uses of applied ABA have been limited by its rapid metabolism in plants. Thus, the aim of the current research was to develop potent biologically stable ABA analogs that can be used to prolong ABA-like effects in plants for agricultural and basic research applications.Biologically stable analogs of other plant hormones, especially of the auxins, have proven to be useful tools for This is National Research Council of Canada paper no. 40712.

Influence of growth regulators on skin colour and scab diseases of red-skinned potatoes

“…(2) ABA analog Á PBI 365 (8? methylene methyl-ester ABA) is a longer-lasting and more potent analog of naturally occurring ABA (Abrams et al 1997). The PBI 365 was applied at 10 (4 M concentration.…”

“…California grape growers have found that application of ABA can be used as a substitute for cold weather as a means for improving the red skin colour in their crop (Peppi et al 2006;Cantin et al 2007). Abrams et al (1997) have developed a range of synthetic ABA analogs that have more powerful and longer lasting effects that standard ABA (Sharma et al 2005(Sharma et al , 2006. This project was designed to test the potential efficacy of plant growth regulators as a means of enhancing skin colour of red-skinned potato cultivars.…”

Relationship between gibberellins, height, and stress tolerance in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings

“…To utilize this effect on stress tolerance, ABA levels can be up regulated using either chemical analogues that are more persistent than natural ABA (Abrams et al, 1997), or inhibiton of the monooxygenases involved in ABA metabolisrn (Fletcher et al, 2000). Chemicals used to regulate the levels of cytokinin and GA also affect the levels of ABA, since ABA is antagonistic to both of these hormones (Moore, 1989;and Cowan et al, 1999).…”

Effects of (+)-8′,8′,8′-trifluoroabscisic acid on a-amylase expression and sugar accumulation in rice cells

“…The ABA analog is a potent inhibitor of elongation of the second leaf sheath of rice seedlings (Todoroki et al 1995). Abrams et al (1997) have reported that (+)-8¢-methylene ABA is more active than the natural hormone (+)-ABA in inhibiting germination of cress seed and excised wheat embryos, in reducing growth of suspension-cultured corn cells, and in reducing transpiration in wheat seedlings.…”