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Purification and characterization of male and female gamete recognition molecules of a marine red alga aglaothamnion oosumiense

Abstract

In red algae, fertilization begins with gamete‐gamete contact between the trichogyne cell wall of the female carpogonium and spermatial coverings. During the fertilization in Aglaothamnion oosumiense, reproductive cells interact with each other through sex specific adhesion molecules on the surface of spermatia and trichogyne. The gamete binding is highly selective suggesting the presence of recognition factors along their surfaces. In the previous studies, we have reported that spermatial binding to trichogynes of a red alga, Aglaothamnion oosumiense is mediated by a lectin‐carbohydrate complementary system. Spermatial binding to trichogynes was inhibited by pre‐incubation of trichogynes with N‐acetyl‐D‐galactosamine and D‐glucose and hence lectins specific to these sugars were expected to present on the surfaces of trichogyne cell wall. We have isolated a new lectin from Aglaothamnion oosumiense by the use of agarose bound N‐acetyl‐D‐galactosamine affinity chromatography and named it as rhodobindin. Rhodobindin agglutinated human erythrocytes as well as spermatia of Aglaothmanion oosumiense. The agglutinating activity of this lectin was inhibited by N‐acetyl‐D‐galactosamine and N‐acetyl‐D‐glucosamine. SDS‐PAGE results showed that this lectin may be monomeric. The molecular weight was determined as 21,876 dalton by matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass‐spectrometry. N‐terminal amino acid sequence of the lectin was analyzed and revealed to have no identity with those of known proteins. The complementary male glycoprotein was also isolated and purified by the use of SBA‐agarose affinity chromatography. The subtractive cloning was carried out to characterize the recognition molecules.