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Abstract

The metabolic effects of ganglioside GM1 were found to be quite different in brain synaptosomes and phagocytic cells. Incubation of rat brain cortex synaptosomes with GM1 was shown to decrease the production of reactive oxygen species induced by Fe2+-H2O2 system and measured by chemiluminometric method in the presence of luminol. Gangliosides GM1, GD1a, and GT1b significantly diminished the induced accumulation of lipid peroxidation product in brain synaptosomes, but protein kinase inhibitor (polymyxin B) abolished this effect. Incubation with antioxidants or GM1 significantly diminished the increase of 45Ca2+ influx and oxidative inactivation of Na+,K+-ATPase in brain synaptosomes exposed to glutamate, the effect of GM1 was concentration-dependent in the range 10(-11)-10(-8) M. But the incubation of human neutrophils and mouse peritoneal macrophages with 10(-11)-10(-10) M GM1, on the contrary, increased several times the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence response of these cells to activation by low concentrations of 12-myristate-13-acetate phorbol ester. The opposite effects of GM1 in the nerve endings and phagocytic cells seem to be protective in both cases as the inhibition of reactive oxygen species production in the nerve cells may enhance their viability in damaged brain, while the intensification of their production in phagocytic cells may promote the resistance of organism to infection.

Heme Oxygenase‐1 May Affect Cell Signalling via Modulation of Ganglioside Composition

“…Among these, GM1 ganglioside has neuroprotective functions. Micelles containing GM1 inhibited iron-catalysed hydroxyl radical formation in vitro [ 18 ], GM1 decreased ROS formation in rat brain synaptosomes [ 45 ], or protected cells against H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative damage [ 46 ] while GD1b was able to inhibit lipid peroxidation in human sperm cells [ 47 ]. On the other hand, some gangliosides might enhance ROS formation and contribute to the cell death.…”

Effects of Gangliosides on Spermatozoa, Oocytes, and Preimplantation Embryos

“…Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) increases apoptosis by interrupting the antioxidant defense system during oocyte maturation and embryonic development in vitro [14,15]. The ability of various gangliosides to diminish lipid peroxidation accumulation and free radical scavenging has been explained in isolated rat myocardiocytes [16] and brain cells [17][18][19][20][21]. Exogenous application of gangliosides has been shown to affect biological events and cell properties, including protection against the oxidative stress of the cell.…”

“…Ganglioside GT1b reduces Fe 2+ -mediated decomposition of lipid hydroperoxydes from the sperm membrane. Consequently, GT1b prevents lipid peroxidation induced sperm membrane damage due to its specific molecular structure, such as micelles[16,20,70].…”

Phagocytic Activity of Rat Primary Astrocytes Is Regulated by Insulin and Ganglioside GM1

“…At the same time, it is well known that in degenerative and traumatic brain injuries, GM1 is released into the extracellular space, which suggests the possibility of its interaction with various brain cells, includ ing astrocytes. In addition, in our laboratory it was established that GM1 causes multiple activation of the phagocytic activity of professional phago cytes (macrophages) [11].…”