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Bélanger, F.; Blier, Pierre; Dutil, Jean‐Denis

doi:10.1023/a:1025461108348

Cited by 91 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Fish respond to food deprivation with a downregulation of metabolic rate to save energy and minimize the body mass loss (Cook et al, 2000;O'Connor et al, 2000;van Dijk et al, 2002;Ali et al, 2003). The most notable difference is observed in visceral organs, which are the main body parts in terms of maintenance energy requirement (Gaylord and Gatlin, 2000;Bélanger et al, 2002;Ali et al, 2003;Cho, 2005;Cho et al, 2006;German et al, 2010). That's why, upon commencement of starvation, the required energy for maintenance is met first with glycogen deposited in the liver and partly in white muscle, then with sequential mobilization of lipid depots in and around the liver and viscera and finally, muscle proteins (Black and Love, 1986;Cook et al, 2000;Rios et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…That's why, upon commencement of starvation, the required energy for maintenance is met first with glycogen deposited in the liver and partly in white muscle, then with sequential mobilization of lipid depots in and around the liver and viscera and finally, muscle proteins (Black and Love, 1986;Cook et al, 2000;Rios et al, 2006). Accordingly a remarkable shrinkage occurs in organ sizes through either reduction in size or number of tissue cells (Bélanger et al, 2002;Rios et al, 2004;German et al, 2010). Depending on the severity of starvation, digestive systems can significantly be degenerated and atrophied in animals (Wang et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sevgi̇li̇¹,

Hoşsu²,

Emre³

et al. 2013

Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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This study was conducted to determine the effects of various lengths of starvation periods on following compensatory growth (CG) in rainbow trout under summer conditions (18.1°C and day length of 12.5-14.5 hours). Five treatments with triplicate tanks were as follows: control (C) fed to satiation over 84 days; one (S1), two (S2), three (S3), and four (S4) weeks of starvation; and then refeeding for the remaining eight weeks of the experiment. Starvation periods induced hyperphagia during refeeding but only S1 and S2 were able to catch up with C. Repeated measures of analysis of variance suggested a convergence in body mass but not in body length (structure). Organo-somatic indices of the starvation groups were significantly reduced at the end of starvation periods and restored to levels of the control fish within the first two weeks of the refeeding period. Broadly speaking, starvation longer than one week significantly reduced apparent digestibility of dry matter, lipid, and energy compared with the control group but did not affect protein and ash, and a complete recovery in the digestibility coefficients occurred within two weeks of satiation feeding. There was a linear increase in body moisture and a decrease in lipid and lipid/lean body mass ratio with the severity of starvation periods, but these divergences largely disappeared at the end of refeeding. During the starvation period, the protein synthesis rate (estimated using RNA/DNA ratio in the muscle and liver) reduced but in subsequent refeeding period, it increased in starved fish. The findings of the present experiment suggest that an application of single starvation episodes to elicit CG as a management tool in summer conditions should not be longer than two weeks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sevgi̇li̇¹,

Hoşsu²,

Emre³

et al. 2013

Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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“…Digestion is a key metabolic process and determines the nutrient availability for all biological functions, including growth, which is controlled by digestive enzyme activity 23–25 . Many authors reported a significant reduction and successful restoration in digestive enzyme activities of fish during restricted and normal feeding conditions, respectively 24,26–31 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duration of stunting impacts compensatory growth and carcass quality of farmed milkfish, Chanos chanos (Forsskal, 1775) under field conditions

Lingam

Sawant

Chadha

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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An 18-months field trial was performed to explore the effect of duration of stunting on growth, digestive enzymes and carcass quality in Chanos chanos. Milkfish fry (weight of 1.25 ± 0.03 g and length of 5.53 ± 0.03 cm) were stocked in earthen ponds of 0.02 ha, in triplicate, for different duration of stunting, viz., 4 months (Treatment-1; T4), 8 months (Treatment-2; T8) and 12 months (Treatment-3; T12) and a normal seed (Control; C) separately. In the stunting phase, fish were stocked at higher stocking density (0.2 million/ha) and fed de-oiled rice bran at sub-optimal level. Post-stunting or re-feeding phase commenced immediately after completion of respective stunting duration and fish were reared for the rest of the period to complete the total rearing period of 18 months. In post-stunting, fish stocking density was adjusted to (5000 pieces/ha) and fed at an optimum level (3%). At the end of stunting phase, the study found a significant reduction in growth, survival, digestive enzymes activity, except protease in the T4 group, and carcass nutrients composition of stunted fish. However, in the initial phase of post-stunting, T8 group exhibited an elevated specific growth rate (5.00 ± 0.092%/day), body weight gain (80.82 ± 1.28 g), amylase (0.585 ± 0.021 U/mg protein), protease (5.48 ± 0.13 U/mg protein), and lipase activity (7.92 ± 0.32 U/mg protein). All stunted fish groups displayed a compensatory growth response in post-stunting, but a complete growth compensation was observed in T8 group, which resulted in better feed conversion ratio (3.03 ± 0.04) feed efficiency ratio (0.33 ± 0.01), protein efficiency ratio (1.91 ± 0.03), survival (91.38 ± 0.07%) and digestive enzyme activities. Similarly, at the end of post-stunting, carcass analysis revealed a complete restoration of nutrients in stunted fish and significantly higher protein content in T8 group. Further, the study found lower meat and higher bone contents in normally reared fish than the post-stunted fish which revealed the carcass quality improvement in post-stunted fish thus indicates superiority of the stunting process over normal rearing. Overall, the study suggests that stunting of milkfish, for 8 months (T8), positively affects its growth, survival, digestive enzyme activities and carcass quality which in turn, shall help to overcome the contemporary challenges in milkfish culture.

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“…However, a sharp decrease in the activity of digestive enzymes has been observed when fish are deprived of food, suggesting that fish may downregulate the function of the digestive system during extreme resource limitation (Furné et al, 2008;Gisbert et al, 2011). For instance, when Atlantic salmon undergoes prolonged periods of food deprivation, enzymatic activities decreased and then recuperated after refeeding (Bélanger et al, 2002). Similarly, European glass eels down-regulate their digestive enzyme activity in the absence of food and then rapidly up-regulate them after the resumption of feeding (Gisbert et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digestive enzyme activity of the Japanese grenadier anchovyCoilia nasusduring spawning migration: influence of the migration distance and the water temperature

Yang

Jiang

et al. 2019

Journal of Fish Biology

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In this study, we investigated the activity levels of two major digestive enzymes (pepsin and lipase) in the commercially important Japanese grenadier anchovy Coilia nasus during its upstream migration to analyse the digestive physiological responses to starvation and to analyse the influence of the water temperature on enzyme activity. Water temperature had a significant effect on pepsin activity, while long‐term starvation resulted in a significant decrease in pepsin activity. As starvation continued, however, a slight increase in pepsin activity between the Wuhu (440 river km) and Anqing (620 river km) regions may indicate that C. nasus had refeeding behaviour due to its large expenditure of energy reserves. In contrast, lipase activity was not significantly affected by the water temperature but the effect of fasting increased as much as 13% of lipase activity from the Chongming region (20 river km) to Anqing region, suggesting that the stored lipids of grenadier anchovy were mobilised to meet energy requirements of upstream migration activity and gonad development. Lipid mobilisation activated lipoprotein lipase (LPL; proteins with lipase activity) to hydrolyse triacylglycerides (TAG), which is the first step of lipid assimilation and obtained energy from fatty acids under fasting conditions. Therefore, the increased lipase activity is attributed mainly to the lipase that is involved in endogenous lipid hydrolysis. Grenadier anchovy appears to adapt to long‐term starvation during migration and the increased lipase activity may indicate a crucial effect on lipid metabolism. This study demonstrated that distinct alterations occur in pepsin and lipase activities during the spawning migration of grenadier anchovy due to exogenous nutrition and endogenous metabolism. Furthermore, it provides a basis for further research on the digestive physiology and energy metabolism in this species.

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Cited by 91 publications

References 32 publications

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Duration of stunting impacts compensatory growth and carcass quality of farmed milkfish, Chanos chanos (Forsskal, 1775) under field conditions

Digestive enzyme activity of the Japanese grenadier anchovyCoilia nasusduring spawning migration: influence of the migration distance and the water temperature

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