847. Fritillaria Kiusiana

Hill, Laurence

doi:10.1111/curt.12159

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…This evolutionary pattern and lack of phylogenetic signal for most traits suggest forces that act on an ecological time scale, rather than changes associated with deep phylogenetic relationships (Gómez et al, 2016). Fritillaries are found in a variety of climatic regions and in different habitats, including coasts, riparian zones, meadows, woodland, steppe, deserts, mountain screes, and alpine zones (Tomović et al, 2007;Tekñen and Aytaç, 2008;Zox and Gold, 2008;Hill, 2011Hill, , 2016Tekñen and Aytaç, 2011;Rix and Strange, 2014;Zych et al, 2014;Gao et al, 2019). Consequently, some aspects of the floral display may have arisen by selection pressure exerted by abiotic factors related to the habitat type, such as temperature, altitudinal gradients, or water stress (Zhao and Wang, 2015;Landis et al, 2018;Gao et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our study, we focussed on Fritillaria L. (Liliaceae), which is a genus that includes approximately 150 species of bulbous plants, predominantly found in temperate Holarctic regions of both the Old and New World (Tamura, 1998;Day et al, 2014;Zych et al, 2014). The highest diversity of Fritillaria is observed in the Mediterranean region (Beetle, 1944;Rix, 1984;Zaharof, 1986;Rønsted et al, 2005;Tekñen and Aytaç, 2011;Hill, 2016;Kiani et al, 2017). Fritillaria flowers are generally actinomorphic and have a nodding tulip-like trimerous perianth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution of Bird and Insect Flower Traits in Fritillaria L. (Liliaceae)

Roguz

Hill

Roguz³

et al. 2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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Pollinators are often perceived as a primary selective agent influencing flower traits such as colour, size, and nectar properties. The genus Fritillaria L. (Liliaceae), comprising approximately 150 species, is described as generally insect pollinated. However, there are at least three exceptions: two hummingbird-pollinated North American species and one passerine-pollinated Asian species. Despite this variation in pollination, little is known about flower traits that may accompany this shift in fritillaries. In this study, we aimed to assess the attractiveness of the floral traits for (new) pollinators and track the evolution of flowers traits in the context of a shift in the principal pollinator. Therefore, we studied 14 flower traits related to the pollination in 60 Fritillaria species and traced the evolutionary trajectory of these traits. We used a phylogenetic tree of the genus, based on five DNA markers (matK, rpl16, and rbcL, 18S, and ITS) to reconstruct the ancestral state of studied flower traits. The results show that in bird-pollinated species several new traits evolved. For example, flower colouration, nectar sugar, and amino acid concentration and composition fulfil the criteria of ornithophilous flowers, although flower traits do not exclude insect pollinators in bird-pollinated fritillaries. Interestingly, we recorded potential reversals from bird to insect pollination. Our analysis, showing a broad study of flower traits among closely related species in the context of pollinator shift, serves as a starting point for future work exploring the genetic and physiological mechanisms controlling flower traits in the genus Fritillaria.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Bird and Insect Flower Traits in Fritillaria L. (Liliaceae)

Roguz

Hill

Roguz³

et al. 2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…It comprises of 130 to 140 species occurring through most of the northern hemisphere (Tamura, 1998; Rønsted et al, 2005; Tomović et al, 2007; Mabberley, 2008; Day et al, 2014), with centers of speciation in the Mediterranean region, especially in Turkey and Greece (Rix, 1984; Zaharof, 1986; Tekşen and Aytaç, 2011), Iran (Kiani et al, 2017), Western North America (Beetle, 1944; Rønsted et al, 2005), and East Asia (Hill, 2016). Recent phylogenetic analyses indicate that the genus may be paraphyletic with members of the subgenus Liliorhiza , principally North American species, forming a sister clade to the remaining Fritillaria species and the genus Lilium (Day et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Diversity of Nectary Structure and Nectar Composition in the Genus Fritillaria (Liliaceae)

et al. 2018

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Fritillaria is a genus consisting of 130 to 140 species of bulbous plants, native to temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. Generally viewed as an insect pollinated genus with the exception of two North American species, Fritillaria gentneri and F. recurva, which are described as hummingbird-pollinated and the Asian species, F. imperialis, described as passerine-pollinated. These pollinator shifts are possibly the result of adaptive changes to the structure and morphology of the nectary, as well as a change in the nectar concentration and composition. A study was conducted in a target group of 56 Fritillaria species, based on the morphology of their nectaries and nectar composition to assess the significance of pollination mode as well as its predisposition for the evolution of bird pollination. All species studied had nectaries located at their tepal base and produced nectar, but their size, shape, color, and composition all varied. Most fritillaries had hexose-rich nectar, in easily accessible and unprotected nectaries. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis revealed that the surface of the nectaries of most Fritillaria species was flat and clearly distinct from that of the surrounding tissues, which might be regarded as an adaptation for insect-pollination. Nectaries of F. imperialis were considerably larger and had dilute nectar without sucrose, which was produced profusely, thereby fulfilling the criteria characteristic of ornithophilous flowers. The copious nectar of presumed hummingbird-pollinated species was rather balanced and of medium sugar concentration. Their large lanceolate nectaries contrasted sharply with the tessellated background of their tepals. These characters might indicate a mixed pollination system that engages both birds and insects. Floral anatomy and microstructure and nectar composition for Fritillaria species in subgenera Korolkowia and Liliorhiza are studied for the first time.

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Reproductive Biology and Pollination Ecology of Fritillaria michailovskyi Fomin (Liliaceae), Endemic to East Anatolia (Turkey)

et al. 2023

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Fritillaria is highly endangered in their natural habitats, and these species are perennial bulbous plants with an important medicinal and ornamental value whose reproductive strategies and adaptive evolution mechanisms are still not fully clear. Therefore, the reproductive strategies of endemic species, like Fritillaria michailovskyi Fomin are important to detect the community structure and the diversity patterns of ornamental plants. The current paper on the reproductive strategy of F. michailovskyi, a rare endemic species, was carried out at the Erzincan Horticultural Research Institute, Turkey. Our results indicate that the flowering stages of F. michailovskyi may be divided into eight phases. According to pollination experiments and the pollen/ovule ratio, and the self-incompatibility index (SII) in an ex-situ population, F. michailovskyi indicated high levels of xenogamy and self-incompatibility. It was determined that the pollination of F. michailovskyi mostly depended on pollen vectors, and the effective pollinators of F. michailovskyi were Apis mellifera and Bombus terrestris. In addition, average seed number, seed germination, and average seed viability were found as 144, 46%, and 67%, respectively. The stigma receptivity, pollen grains, and pollen viability were detected as 83%, 252,000, and 95%, respectively. Our study is the first report providing a detailed explanation of the reproductive strategy of this rare endemic species, which could aid in the genetic evolution and conservation of this valuable taxa.

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847. Fritillaria Kiusiana

Abstract: Summary Fritillaria kiusiana L. Hill, a new species from the Kyushu Central Mountains in Japan, is illustrated and described. Its ecology, genetics and conservation are discussed and instructions for its cultivation are given.

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Evolution of Bird and Insect Flower Traits in Fritillaria L. (Liliaceae)

Evolution of Bird and Insect Flower Traits in Fritillaria L. (Liliaceae)

Functional Diversity of Nectary Structure and Nectar Composition in the Genus Fritillaria (Liliaceae)

Reproductive Biology and Pollination Ecology of Fritillaria michailovskyi Fomin (Liliaceae), Endemic to East Anatolia (Turkey)

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