86. Characteristics of Youth Receiving Medication Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder

Access to Medications for Opioid Use Disorder and Associated Factors Among Adolescents and Young Adults

“…Among the 37 studies, 17 were cohort studies, 15 were cross-sectional studies, and 5 were qualitative studies. Twenty-four studies were conducted in the US, 4 in Canada, 3 in Australia, 2 in England, 2 in Ireland, and 1 in Italy, whereas 1 study derived data from Austria, Canada, and the US . Details on study design, setting, sample characteristics, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and study quality are presented in eTable 6 in the Supplement.…”

“…Fourteen studies included participants with an opioid use disorder (OUD) diagnosis, 9 examined heroin and other opioid use, and 7 examined any opioid use . In addition, 2 studies examined primary opioid use, 1 evaluated nonmedical prescription opioid use, and 1 reviewed any injection drug use .…”

“…In addition, 2 studies examined primary opioid use, 1 evaluated nonmedical prescription opioid use, and 1 reviewed any injection drug use . Sixteen studies included any opioid use during the study period, 9 examined current opioid use, 3 examined past 30-day opioid use, 2 examined past year opioid use, and 1 examined past 6-month opioid use . The remaining studies included opioid use in the 3 months before and 1 month after an opioid-related overdose, upon imprisonment, and in the 3 days and 8 or more years before treatment admission …”

“…Thirty studies examined access to methadone, 26 examined access to buprenorphine, and 10 examined access to naltrexone, whereas 2 studies did not specify the type of MOUD being investigated . In addition, 2 studies reviewed access to buprenorphine-naloxone, 1 reviewed access to lofexidine, 1 reviewed access to disulfiram and acamprosate, and 1 reviewed access to slow-release oral morphine and injectable OAT, while 3 studies examined MOUD-based detoxification . The proportion of AYAs who accessed MOUD ranged from 0.4% to 80.7%, including between 1.2% and 80.7% for methadone, 3% and 30% for buprenorphine, and 0.8% and 37% for naltrexone.…”

“…In addition, 2 studies reviewed access to buprenorphine-naloxone, 1 reviewed access to lofexidine, 1 reviewed access to disulfiram and acamprosate, and 1 reviewed access to slow-release oral morphine and injectable OAT, while 3 studies examined MOUD-based detoxification . The proportion of AYAs who accessed MOUD ranged from 0.4% to 80.7%, including between 1.2% and 80.7% for methadone, 3% and 30% for buprenorphine, and 0.8% and 37% for naltrexone. Additional study findings are summarized in eTable 7 in the Supplement.…”