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Abstract

ABSTRACT:The distribution of the trees in a 30 hectare plot in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand containing 16 375 trees, divided into 63 families and 182 species was studied. The allometric scaling exponent in the relation between number and diameter of all the trees taken as one group was approximately −2. The spatial heterogeneity of the forest shown by the variation of this scaling exponent determined for each hectare in the area of study. The box counting method was used to determine the fractal dimensions (d f ) of the spatial patterns of the trees. The spatial pattern for all the trees taken as a whole had a d f of 1.81. The fractal dimensions for the patterns of the six most abundant species ranged from 1.73 to 1.75. On the other hand, values of d f as measured from each hectare were less than 1.5, suggesting that the pattern is not self-similar over a significant range of length scales.

The Probability Distribution of Worldwide Forest Areas

“…Second, a power law suggests complex systems of forest areas. This type of complex systems of forest areas involves a hierarchy that is statistically self-similar and hence fractal [9,57,58]. Therefore, systems of forest areas are a kind of hierarchy with a cascade structure that is similar to other hierarchies observed in nature, such as the hierarchy of rivers and the energy distributions of earthquakes [59].…”