[9] Animal models for periodontal disease

Madden, Theresa E.; Caton, Jack G.

doi:10.1016/0076-6879(94)35135-x

Cited by 67 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…This is related to homologies in a range of host responses between humans and the other primate species, as well as species tropisms for infectious agents that cross human and nonhuman primate lines (26,43,73). These similarities extend to the microbial ecology and host responses in the oral cavity related to microbial biofilms that trigger periodontal disease (20,22,45,62,68). We observed that levels of serum antibody to various bacteria associated with periodontal-disease biofilms were significantly lower in the youngest animals.…”

Section: Fig 5 Serummentioning

confidence: 77%

Effects of Age and Oral Disease on Systemic Inflammatory and Immune Parameters in Nonhuman Primates

Ebersole

Steffen

González‐Martínez

et al. 2008

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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This report evaluated systemic inflammatory and immune biomarkers in a cohort of Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkeys) maintained as a large family social unit, including an age range from <1 year to >24 years. We hypothesized that the systemic host responses would be affected by the age, gender, and clinical oral presentation of the population, each contributing to inflammatory and immune responses that would reflect chronic oral infections. The results demonstrated that the prevalence and severity of periodontitis, including missing teeth, increased significantly with age. Generally, minimal differences in clinical parameters were noted between the genders. Systemic inflammatory mediators, including acute-phase reactants, prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ), cytokines/chemokines, and selected matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), demonstrated significant differences among the various age groups of animals. Levels of many of these were increased with age, although PGE 2 , RANTES, bactericidal permeability-inducing factor (BPI), MMP-1, and MMP-9 levels were significantly increased in the young group (ϳ1 to 3 years old) relative to those for the older animals. We observed that in the adult and aged animals, levels of the systemic inflammatory mediators related to gingival inflammation and periodontal tissue destruction were significantly elevated. Serum antibody levels in response to a battery of periodontal pathogens were generally lower in the young animals, <50% of those in the adults, and were significantly related to aging in the cohort. The levels of antibodies, particularly those to Porphorymonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Tannerella forsythia, were most significantly elevated in animals with periodontal disease, irrespective of the age of the animal. These results provide a broad description of oral health and host responses in a large cohort of nonhuman primates from very young animals to the aged of this species. The findings afford a base of data with which to examine the ontogeny of host responses at mucosal sites, such as the gingival tissues.Periodontal disease is the predominant chronic inflammatory disease of humanity (37,38,78,82) and has been noted to occur naturally with increasing age in humans and nonhuman primates (36,63,69,88). This oral disease is an outcome of complex oral infections, chronic immunoinflammatory responses, and resulting destruction of soft and hard tissues of the periodontium (37,78,80,82,84). In both humans and nonhuman primates, the extent of disease is predicted to be controlled by the quality and quantity of the host response and likely is modulated by systemic disease (48), environmental stressors (6, 76, 85), and the genetic backgrounds of the individuals (3, 70, 84).The oral microbial characteristics of subgingival biofilms in younger and older individuals demonstrate differences in composition and complexity, which have been suggested to contribute directly to the microbial infections that trigger the destructive disease of oral tissues that occurs during aging (4,35,49,...

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Section: Fig 5 Serummentioning

confidence: 77%

Effects of Age and Oral Disease on Systemic Inflammatory and Immune Parameters in Nonhuman Primates

Ebersole

Steffen

González‐Martínez

et al. 2008

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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“…Histological manifestations of spontaneous gingivitis and periodontitis in nonhuman primates suggest a pattern similar to that of the human periodontal experience (5)(6)(7)(8). The disease has been noted to occur naturally with increasing age in humans and nonhuman primates (9)(10)(11)(12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 79%

Acquisition of Oral Microbes and Associated Systemic Responses of Newborn Nonhuman Primates

Ebersole

Holt

Delaney

2013

Clin. Vaccine Immunol.

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The acquisition and development of the complex oral microbiome remain ill defined. While selected species of oral bacteria have been examined in relation to their initial colonization in neonates, a more detailed understanding of the dynamics of the microbiome has been developed only in adults. The current investigation used a nonhuman primate model to document the kinetics of colonization of the oral cavities of newborns and infants by a range of oral commensals and pathogens. Differences in colonization were evaluated in newborns from mothers who were maintained on an oral hygiene regimen pre-and postparturition with those displaying naturally acquired gingivitis/periodontitis. The results demonstrate distinct profiles of acquisition of selected oral bacteria, with the transmission of targeted pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, being passed on primarily from mothers with gingivitis/periodontitis. This colonization resulted in defined patterns of systemic antibody responses in the infants. The significant relative risk measures for infection with the pathogens, as well as the relationship of oral infection and blood serum antibody levels, were consistent with those of the newborns from mothers with gingivitis/periodontitis. These findings indicate that the early acquisition of potentially pathogenic oral bacterial species might impact the development of mucosal responses in the gingiva and may provide an enhanced risk for the development of periodontitis later in life.

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“…Several studies used both mouse and rat models to describe the virulence characteristics of oral micro-organisms and have facilitated experimental designs of short duration and the ability to control the complex microbiota. Generally, these studies have confirmed the potential of the pathogen to elicit inflammation and tissue destruction in the host (Madden and Caton, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Omega-3 Fatty Acid Effect on Alveolar Bone Loss in Rats

et al. 2006

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Gingival inflammation and alveolar bone resorption are hallmarks of adult periodontitis, elicited in response to oral micro-organisms such as Porphyromonas gingivalis. We hypothesized that omega (ω)-3 fatty acids (FA) dietary supplementation would modulate inflammatory reactions leading to periodontal disease in infected rats. Rats were fed fish oil (ω-3 FA) or corn oil (n-6 FA) diets for 22 weeks and were infected with P. gingivalis. Rats on the ω-3 FA diet exhibited elevated serum levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), documenting diet-induced changes. PCR analyses demonstrated that rats were orally colonized by P. gingivalis; increased IgG antibody levels substantiated this infection. P. gingivalis-infected rats treated with ω-3 FA had significantly less alveolar bone resorption. These results demonstrated the effectiveness of an ω-3 FA-supplemented diet in modulating alveolar bone resorption following P. gingivalis infection, and supported that ω-3 FA may be a useful adjunct in the treatment of periodontal disease. Abbreviations: PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid; EPA, eicosapentanoic acid; DHA, docosahexanoic acid; and PCR, polymerase chain-reaction.

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[9] Animal models for periodontal disease

Cited by 67 publications

References 50 publications

Effects of Age and Oral Disease on Systemic Inflammatory and Immune Parameters in Nonhuman Primates

Effects of Age and Oral Disease on Systemic Inflammatory and Immune Parameters in Nonhuman Primates

Acquisition of Oral Microbes and Associated Systemic Responses of Newborn Nonhuman Primates

Omega-3 Fatty Acid Effect on Alveolar Bone Loss in Rats

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