90° Peel off Tests of Tissue Engineered Osteochondral Constructs: A New Method to Determine the Osteochondral Integration

Abstract

One promising treatment of localized osteochondral defects in the knee joint may be the implantation of in vitro tissue-engineered osteochondral constructs. A crucial aspect of this kind of osteochondral construct is the bonding between the bone-scaffold and scaffold-based chondral layer. Here, a 90 ∘ peel off test is proposed as an appropriate method to measure the integration of cartilage to bone in osteochondral constructs for different primary methods of bonding the cartilage scaffold to the bone scaffold, with and without seeded chondroblasts. The method was developed and then tested on tissue-engineered constructs. The force/displacement data obtained allow determination of both the maximum force and the total energy required to separate the two layers. The tests showed good reproducibility and good discrimination between measurements as a function of seeding times. Average maximum peel-off forces varied between 10 mN for fibrin glue only to 575 mN for constructs with cells after four weeks of incubation. Linear regression of the area under the curve (AUC) as a function of maximum force shows a high correlation between the two parameters with R 2 = 0.97. The main limitation of the test is that the data provide only a modest ability to decide how uniform the bond is over the area between the two layers.

The effect of interface microstructure on interfacial shear strength for osteochondral scaffolds based on biomimetic design and 3D printing

“…The integration strength of cartilage to bone in osteochondral constructs was mainly measured with either peel-off test [10,27] or interfacial shear test [8,9,21,[28][29][30]. In this study, quantitative preliminary interfacial shear tests were performed to determine the impact of osteochondral interface structure on interfacial integration, as shown in Fig.…”

PEG‐Biscyanoacrylate Crosslinker for Octyl Cyanoacrylate Bioadhesive

“…Peel test is an appropriate initial measure for comparing the bioadhesive properties . We record the force needed during the peeling process of one skin piece from another.…”

Delamination of the Annulus Fibrosus of the Intervertebral Disc: Using a Bovine Tail Model to Examine Effect of Separation Rate

“…Variability in the bond strength has been attributed to imperfections in adhesion in various non-biologic composite materials ( Rodríguez-Ramos et al, 2013 ). Previous work performed in other non-biological adhesive materials, for example, cellophane ( Gardon, 1963 ; Campbell and Flake, 2004 ) as well as biologic tissue samples including the degenerated AF ( Gregory et al, 2014 ) and cartilage ( Bürgin et al, 2014 ), have noted non-uniform bond strength and have attributed these observations to variations in stress distributions across the bond as well as in the material composition of the bond itself. Bond strength variability during the peel tests in the current work was also likely and indication of variations and/or inconsistencies in the matrix composition between the AF layers.…”