Skin cancer is a global health issue and mainly composed
of melanoma
and nonmelanoma cancers. For the first clinical proof of concept on
humans, we decided to study good prognosis skin cancers, i.e., carcinoma
basal cell. In UE, the first-line treatment remains surgical resection,
healing most of the tumors, but presents aesthetic disadvantages with
a high reoccurrence rate on exposed areas. Moreover, the therapeutic
indications could extend to melanoma and metastasis, which is a different
medical strategy that could combine this treatment. Indeed, patients
with late-stage melanoma are in a therapeutic impasse, despite recent
targeted and immunological therapies. Photothermal therapy using gold
nanoparticles is the subject of many investigations due to their strong
potential to treat cancers by physical, thermal destruction. We developed
gold nanoparticles synthesized by green chemistry (gGNPs), using endemic
plant extract from Reunion Island, which have previously showed their
efficiency at a preclinical stage. Here, we demonstrate that these
gGNPs are less cytotoxic than gold nanoparticles synthesized by Turkevich’s
method. Furthermore, our work describes the optimization of gGNP coating
and stabilization, also taking into consideration the gGNP path in
cells (endocytosis, intracellular trafficking, and exocytosis), their
specificity toward cancerous cells, their cytotoxicity, and their
in vivo efficiency. Finally, based on the metabolic switch of cancerous
cells overexpressing Glut transporters in skin cancers, we demonstrated
that glucose-stabilized gGNP (gGNP@G) enables a quick internalization,
fourfold higher in cancerous cells in contrast to healthy cells with
no side cytotoxicity, which is particularly relevant to target and
treat cancer.