99mTc-MAG3: Chemistry and Biokinetics of By-Products

Brandau, Wolfgang; Bubeck, B.; Schober, O.; Weber, Edgar; Taylor, David

doi:10.1159/000418140

Cited by 3 publications

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“…Examples of typical applications of HPLC for separation of 99m Tc-labelled species are shown in Table 9.1.2.2. The most frequently used HPLC techniques (Hnatowich 1986;) are reversed-phase partition chromatography for nonpolar or weakly polar components of 99m Tc pharmaceuticals (HMPAO [Hung et al 1988;Weisner et al 1993], monodentate methoxyisobutyl isocyanide [MIBI; Carvalho et al 1992;, mercaptoacetyltriglycine [MAG 3 ;Brandau et al 1990;Coveney and Robbins 1987;Millar et al 1990;Shattuck et al 1994], tetrofosmin [Cagnolini et al 1998;Graham and Millar 1999;], iminodiacetic acid [IDAs; Fritzberg and Lewis 1980;, peptides [Vallabhajosula 1986;Zinn et al 2000], etc. ), ion-pair (both ionized and less polar constituents: pertechnetate, diphosphonates; De Groot et al 1986 b;Hoch and Pinkerton 1986;Huigen et al 1988;Nieuwland et al 1989;Tanabe et al 1983, etc.…”

Section: Determination Of Radiochemical Puritymentioning

confidence: 99%

Technetium-99m Pharmaceuticals

Zolle¹

2007

105

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Foreword 99m Tc pharmaceuticals mark the beginning of diagnostic nuclear medicine and have contributed to patient care worldwide. Since the short-lived radionuclide was introduced for thyroid imaging in 1964, it has attracted much attention and stimulated clinical research. Little was known about element 43, except that it was an artificial radionuclide obtained by the radioactive decay of molybdenum-99. No wonder specialists from all fields joined medical institutions in the United States to participate in the exploration of its chemistry.This textbook gives an account of the accomplishments related to the development of 99m Tc pharmaceuticals and their application in diagnostic nuclear medicine. Since radioactive drug development is a multidisciplinary task, experts working in nuclear medicine and research institutions have contributed valuable information concerning the preparation with sterile kits, methods of quality control, and the use of 99m Tc pharmaceuticals in patients. In addition, the legal aspects governing production and clinical application are also considered.99m Tc pharmaceuticals in nuclear medicine are presented in two parts. Part 1 includes basic principles and methods used for preparation and analysis, in particular the chemistry of technetium-99m and methods described for the synthesis of complexes and conjugates of technetium-99m, the characteristics and performance of the 99 Mo/ 99m Tc generator system, the importance of kits and formulations for one-step labeling, and safety aspects for labeling blood cells. Special emphasis is given to analytical methods verifying pharmaceutical quality. The quality standards of good manufacturing practice (GMP) for 99m Tc pharmaceuticals and purity standards of the pharmacopeia (European Pharmacopeia and United States Pharmacopeia) have been considered as part of the concept of quality assurance.Part 2 presents 26 monographs of 99m Tc pharmaceuticals, concerning the preparation and safe clinical application. Each monograph provides information on the characteristics of the radiotracer based on chemistry, factors affecting the preparation and in vivo stability, pharmacokinetics and elimination properties, as well as details concerning the clinical application. For each clinical procedure, the effective radiation dose of the patient has been calculated. Methods recommended for quality control and actual results are included.Each radiopharmaceutical is listed under the name used in daily practice. The chemical name, the abbreviated name, and the officinal name in the pharmacopeia are also stated. Listing the trade names may facilitate understanding, especially when relating to products in the literature, which over the years have changed manufacturers.The presentation of 99m Tc pharmaceuticals as monographs serves a practical purpose: it offers relevant information on kit preparation and clinical application at a glance. These monographs provide a wide spectrum of information on 99m Tc pharmaceuticals for daily practice in nuclear medicine, serving as a r...

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