99Tc-MDP treatment for the therapy of rheumatoid arthritis, choroidal neovascularisation and Graves' ophthalmopathy

Abstract

Abstract. Technetium 99 conjugated with methylene diphosphonate, which is an anti-inflammatory drug, can inhibit macrophage infiltration and downregulate a number of proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β. Recently, numerous studies have indicated that it could improve rheumatoid arthritis (RA) activity by upregulating the frequency of peripheral γδ T cells and cluster of differentiation CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + Tregs, affecting the serum cytokine environment, inhibiting osteoclast formation and reducing the concentrations of rheumatoid factor-immunoglobulin M (IgM)/IgG/IgA. As well, it may have a therapeutic role for choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) and Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO). Therefore, it will be a valuable choice in the treatment of RA, CNV and GO.

Technetium-99 Conjugated with Methylene Diphosphonate Ameliorates Glucocorticoid Induced Osteoporosis by Inhibiting Osteoclastogenesis

“…In their study, they also found the 99 Tc-MDP could upregulate CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs and downregulate Th17 cells in spleen in ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic mice. The upregulation of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs by 99 Tc-MDP was also found by Wu and her colleagues in peripheral blood from RA patients [ 12 ]. Were CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs involved in the development of osteoporosis?…”

Effectiveness and safety of 99Tc-methylene diphosphonate as a disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) in combination with conventional synthetic (cs) DMARDs in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 34 randomized controlled trials

“…99Tc has a strong anti-inflammatory ability and has a direct inhibitory effect on immune regulatory factors. 99Tc-MDP significantly reduced IL-1, IL-6, IL-1β and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α in vitro and in vivo experiment [ [55] , [56] , [57] ], and downregulated high levels of rheumatoid factors [ 58 ]. 99Tc-MDP was shown to downregulate inflammatory cytokines such as interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-35, and soluble TNF receptor 1 (sTNF-R1) in ankylosing spondylitis patients [ 59 ].…”

16S rRNA Gene Sequencing of Gut Microbiota in Rheumatoid Arthritis Treated with 99Tc-MDP

“…It is often used in the treatment of RA in China. [10][11][12] 99Tc-MDP can also reduce the secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6 by regulating immune cells. 13,14 Clinically, 99Tc-MDP is often used in combination with methotrexate (MTX), the basic drug for RA.…”