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Well, Eben von; Fossey, Annabel

doi:10.1023/a:1018320230154

Cited by 27 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Besides gene redundancy, allopolyploids can also benefit from the advantages of heterosis immediately upon their formation (Osborn et al, 2003;Comai, 2005), which can foster a greater biomass and accelerated development. Similarly, autopolyploidy might result in higher biomass of plants (Stebbins, 1971) and seed size, the latter enabling a more rapid rate of early development, such as in Triticum and Aegilops species (Villar et al, 1998;von Well and Fossey, 1998). All these effects of polyploidization could contribute to faster colonization of new niches, including extreme habitats (Ehrendorfer, 1980).…”

Section: Advantages and Risks Of Polyploidizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosome Pairing in Polyploid Grasses

et al. 2020

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Polyploids are species in which three or more sets of chromosomes coexist. Polyploidy frequently occurs in plants and plays a major role in their evolution. Based on their origin, polyploid species can be divided into two groups: autopolyploids and allopolyploids. The autopolyploids arise by multiplication of the chromosome sets from a single species, whereas allopolyploids emerge from the hybridization between distinct species followed or preceded by whole genome duplication, leading to the combination of divergent genomes. Having a polyploid constitution offers some fitness advantages, which could become evolutionarily successful. Nevertheless, polyploid species must develop mechanism(s) that control proper segregation of genetic material during meiosis, and hence, genome stability. Otherwise, the coexistence of more than two copies of the same or similar chromosome sets may lead to multivalent formation during the first meiotic division and subsequent production of aneuploid gametes. In this review, we aim to discuss the pathways leading to the formation of polyploids, the occurrence of polyploidy in the grass family (Poaceae), and mechanisms controlling chromosome associations during meiosis, with special emphasis on wheat.

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Section: Advantages and Risks Of Polyploidizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosome Pairing in Polyploid Grasses

et al. 2020

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“…However, the effect of polyploidization on metabolic changes during seed germination needs to be more fully characterized. A comparative investigation of seed germination, metabolism, and seedling growth between tetraploid, Triticum durum (AABB), and the hexaploid, T. aestivum (AABBDD), suggested that each species was distinctive [51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allotetraploidization in Brachypodium May Have Led to the Dominance of One Parent’s Metabolome in Germinating Seeds

Skalska

Wolny

Beckmann

et al. 2021

Cells

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Seed germination is a complex process during which a mature seed resumes metabolic activity to prepare for seedling growth. In this study, we performed a comparative metabolomic analysis of the embryo and endosperm using the community standard lines of three annual Brachypodium species, i.e., B. distachyon (Bd) and B. stacei (Bs) and their natural allotetraploid B. hybridum (BdBs) that has wider ecological range than the other two species. We explored how far the metabolomic impact of allotetraploidization would be observable as over-lapping changes at 4, 12, and 24 h after imbibition (HAI) with water when germination was initiated. Metabolic changes during germination were more prominent in Brachypodium embryos than in the endosperm. The embryo and endosperm metabolomes of Bs and BdBs were similar, and those of Bd were distinctive. The Bs and BdBs embryos showed increased levels of sugars and the tricarboxylic acid cycle compared to Bd, which could have been indicative of better nutrient mobilization from the endosperm. Bs and BdBs also showed higher oxalate levels that could aid nutrient transfer through altered cellular events. In Brachypodium endosperm, the thick cell wall, in addition to starch, has been suggested to be a source of nutrients to the embryo. Metabolites indicative of sugar metabolism in the endosperm of all three species were not prominent, suggesting that mobilization mostly occurred prior to 4 HAI. Hydroxycinnamic and monolignol changes in Bs and BdBs were consistent with cell wall remodeling that arose following the release of nutrients to the respective embryos. Amino acid changes in both the embryo and endosperm were broadly consistent across the species. Taking our data together, the formation of BdBs may have maintained much of the Bs metabolome in both the embryo and endosperm during the early stages of germination. In the embryo, this conserved Bs metabolome appeared to include an elevated sugar metabolism that played a vital role in germination. If these observations are confirmed in the future with more Brachypodium accessions, it would substantiate the dominance of the Bs metabolome in BdBs allotetraploidization and the use of metabolomics to suggest important adaptive changes.

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“…In theory, an increase in plant chromosomes results in longer periods of cell division, leading to longer cell division, and slower physiological processes in many plants [12]. However, previous study found that hexaploid wheat has stronger metabolism and growth rate than tetraploid wheat, and root growth, mitosis and biomass storage of hexaploid wheat are more rapid than tetraploid [13]. The doubling of chromosomes rst causes a series of changes in the plant genome, which in turn affects the growth and development system of plants [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

De novo characterization of the Camellia sinensis transcriptome and comprehensive analysis of the diploid and triploid leaf morphological differences

Zhao

2020

Preprint

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Background: Polyploidization has undergone a series of significant changes in the morphology and physiology of tea plants as plants multiply, especially in terms of increased growth rate and genetic gains Result: In this study, we found that the leaves of triploid tea had obvious growth advantages compared with diploid tea leaves, which was 59.81% higher than that of diploid leaves areas. The morphological structure of the triploid leaves showed obvious changes, the xylem of the veins was more developed, the cell-to-cell gap between the palisade tissue and the sponge tissue became larger, and the stomata of the triploid leaves were enlarged. Transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that after the triploidization of tea, the changes of leaf morphology and physiological characteristics were affected by the specific expression of some key regulatory genes. We identified a large number of transcripts and genes that might play important roles in leaf development, especially those involved in cell division, photosynthesis, hormone synthesis, and stomatal development. Conclusion: This study will improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of tea leaf and stomatal development and provide the basis for molecular breeding of tea varieties with high quality and yield. Furthermore, it gives information to improve understanding of triploid physiology.

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Cited by 27 publications

References 14 publications

Chromosome Pairing in Polyploid Grasses

Chromosome Pairing in Polyploid Grasses

Allotetraploidization in Brachypodium May Have Led to the Dominance of One Parent’s Metabolome in Germinating Seeds

De novo characterization of the Camellia sinensis transcriptome and comprehensive analysis of the diploid and triploid leaf morphological differences

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