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Persson, Bror; Simonson, Margaret

doi:10.1023/a:1015350024118

Cited by 34 publications

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“…These deaths are currently being blamed almost exclusively on diesel vehicles. However, a pioneering report from Sweden in 1998 [10] demonstrated that unwanted fires (as distinct from power stations, urban incinerators and engines etc., and also excluding wildland fires) were responsible for a disproportionately large amount of the emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and atmospheric particulates; the emission of particulates and unburnt hydrocarbons from one tonne of fuel from an unwanted fire is equivalent to that from burning almost 200 tonnes of solid fuel in a power station; they estimated that in Sweden 1000 tonnes of particulates were emitted by fires, 4000 tonnes by power stations and 9000 tonnes by road transport. In their follow-up study they quantified the emissions of PAH in Sweden from unwanted fires as 7 ±5 tonnes [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire toxicity – The elephant in the room?

Stec

2017

Fire Safety Journal

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Fire toxicity is the largest cause of death and injury from unwanted fires, yet it is the least well studied area of fire science and engineering. Fire toxicity increases by factors up to 50, as the fire becomes underventilated. This has proved difficult, but not impossible, to replicate in a controlled way on a bench-scale. Clear correlations have been observed between the stoichiometric equivalence ratio, and the yields of the major asphyxiants, carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide. In addition, irritant components of fire effluents, which have an instantaneous effect, can incapacitate fire victims, trapping them in a fire. However, the longer term toxicants present in fire effluents, such as the carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and the microscopic particulates which result from their agglomeration are probably responsible for hundreds or thousands more deaths than the acute asphyxiants and irritants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire toxicity – The elephant in the room?

Stec

2017

Fire Safety Journal

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“…Early estimates of the magnitude of emissions from fires were made for Sweden in 1995 [16] and updated in 2001 [17]. These have been used as the basis for discussions of the magnitude of various emissions subsequently [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Impact of Fires on the Environment

McNamee¹,

Blomqvist²,

Andersson³

2011

Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the 10th International Sym

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The impact of fires on humans and the environment has been the subject of investigation for decades. We have a variety of more or less well developed models to study the impact of fires on humans and even have several international standards categorising standardised approaches to quantifying the toxic potency of fire gas exposure. However, there is currently no standardised approach available to evaluate the environmental impact of fires and their countermeasures. This paper will provide a summary of the work that the authors have conducted over the past 15 years on the development of different tools to investigate the environmental impact of fires, including Fire-LCA (life-cycle assessment) and Fire-CBA (cost benefit assessment). The benefit of a holistic approach will be discussed but also its limitations in light of data availability and quality, and the difficulties associated with interpreting the results. In particular, the development of a truly global approach to the modelling of the environmental impact of fires, incorporating such issues as toxicity, eco-toxicity and cost-benefit analysis into a traditional LCA model will be discussed. It is only through the development of such a tool that one can hope to be able to provide sound input to legislation in support of the development of environmentally sustainable fire safety.This work will be presented against a backdrop of data concerning toxic and eco-toxic emissions from fires. Such data are a pre-requisite for modelling the environmental impact of fires and while much detailed data are now publicly available much still remains to be found -gaps in data will be identified and discussed.

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A life‐cycle assessment (LCA) model for cables based on the fire‐LCA model

Simonson¹,

Andersson²,

Emanuelsson

et al. 2003

Fire and Materials

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SUMMARYA novel life-cycle assessment (LCA) model has been developed for the investigation of the environmental impact of the choice of material in cable production. In the first application polyolefin based material and PVC material is used. In both cases equivalent fire behaviour is assumed and a fire model is established based on existing fire statistics. This study represents the second full application of the fire-LCA model.In this paper the new 'cables fire-LCA' model will be presented together with the results of this first application. Aspects such as end-of-life scenarios, fire statistics, and fire scenarios and large scale fire performance of cables are discussed together with details of the straw LCA model defined for cables and the results of four different end-of-life scenarios.

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Cited by 34 publications

References 1 publication

Fire toxicity – The elephant in the room?

Fire toxicity – The elephant in the room?

Evaluating the Impact of Fires on the Environment

A life‐cycle assessment (LCA) model for cables based on the fire‐LCA model

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