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Abstract

Calotropis procera plant belongs to the Asclepiadaceae family. It is prescribed to treat bronchitis, asthma, cough, infections, cancer, ascites, intestinal worms, cutaneous diseases, eczema, leprosy and also aid to stimulate the immune system. The leaves of C. procera were investigated for their phytochemical and anti-microbial activity. Chemical screening of leaves ethanolic extract exhibited to contain active compounds like alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, and reducing sugar. The antibacterial activity of C. procera leaves against four different bacteria revealed that the ethanolic extracts could kill only Staphylococcus aureus and Basillus subtilis, but more resisted by Pseudomonas sp., and Escherichia coli compare to the standard antibiotic streptomycin. GC-MS analysis of the ethanolic extracts indicated that the highest percentage in 100% ethanolic leaves extract belongs to camphene 6.22%, thebaine 7.59% dodecanoic acid 19.15%, and linolenic acid ethyl ester 14.87%, while the highest percentage in 70% ethanolic leaves extract belongs to hexa-hydro-farnesol 9.87%, gamolenic acid 12.71%, and linolenic acid ethyl ester 6.83%. This is the first phytochemical, and antibacterial study on C. procera leaves in Iraq.

Evaluation of the cytotoxic effects of the colchicine compound isolated from the leaves of Calotropis procera (Ait) against MCF-7 and SK-GT-4 cancer cell lines.

“…As shown in Table 2 and Fig. 2 the results of GC-MS analysis for leaf's methanolic extract proved the existence of one type of alkaloid compound that is colchicine by comparison with its actual retention time to the retention time of colchicine standard reference (Sigma Aldrich) at R.T(12.8) min with area percentage reached 7.1% with molecular weight 399g/mol, that was in line with the study of Naser et al 15 , that revealed the presence of colchicine compound in leaf methanolic extract of C. procera by GC-MS analysis in Iraq that, C.procera appeared to produce many bioactive compounds, such as alkaloids [21][22][23][24][25] . 3, resulted in the identification, separation, and purification of colchicine that was identified by comparison with its actual retention time to the retention time of colchicine standard reference (Sigma Aldrich)as seen in Fig.…”

“…Methanol was used as a strong solvent for bioactive extraction for the leaf of C.procera. An alkaloid compounds found in large amounts in the leaf of C. procera 15 .…”

“…A solution of 2 mg/mL MTT (after incubating the cells for 2 hours at 37°C) was used to evaluate cell viability after 72 hours of treatment. To dissolve the residual crystals, 10 µL of DMSO (Dimethyl Sulphoxide) was added to the wells and incubated for 15 minutes at 37 °C 15 , The assay was carried out in triplicate and the absorbency was measured using a microplate reader at a test wavelength of 620 nm. The proportion of cytotoxicity (cell growth inhibition) was estimated as follows: If A is the mean optical density in untreated wells and B is the mean optical density in treated ones, then PR = B/A*100 and IR = 100 -PR [16][17][18][19] .…”

Unraveling metabolite profile variations among resistance and susceptible shallot genotypes related to anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)

“…Octadecanoic acid is reported to be a precursor of jasmonic acid, an essential signalinducing molecule in response to biotic stress by (Coleman and Hudson 2016). Linoleic acid ethyl ester is reported to have a role as an antifungal compound (Maia et al 2022) and antibacterial (Naser et al 2019). Nonacosae compounds are reported to increase up to six times in arabidopsis plants infected with the fungus Botrytis sp.…”