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Abstract

The aim of this work was to verify the in vitro virucidal activity of VIRKON No Foam (VIRKON NF) against the HBV DNA, notoriously one the most resistant viruses to heat and to the most commonly used disinfectants. VIRKON NF, an oxidizing agent, has a synergic effect on nucleic acids, polypeptides, glycoproteins, and structural proteins. The experiment was conducted using the serum of a patient with HBsAg+/HBeAg+/HBVDNA+ with a DNA concentration 100 pg/ml. The virucidal activity was tested using the Slot Blot method, the result being evaluated as an inhibition of the autoradiographic signal because of contact of different concentrated solutions and various contact times with the serum. Preliminary tests were carried out after contact of VIRKON NF with serum solutions at 0.1-0.5-1-4% concentrations for a 15 min contact time. VIRKON NF showed an inhibition of autoradiographic signal equal respectively to 0%, 25-50%, 50-70%, 100%. Further experiments were carried out to compare VIRKON NF virucidal activity on HBV to the activity of the most common disinfectants, such as formic aldehyde, Amuchina, glutaraledhyde and phenol. In this way, the infected serum was put into contact with both the most common disinfectant and 1-1.5-2-3-4% VIRKON NF solutions in contact times of 15, 10, 5, 2 min. Using 3% concentrations for a contact time of 10 min, VIRKON NF showed an autoradiographic inhibition signal of 90%. Regarding other disinfectants, only a 2% glutaraldehyde solution for a contact time of 15 min showed similar virucidal activity.

Experimental Evidence of Epizootic Epitheliotropic Disease Virus (Salmoid Herpesvirus-3, Alloherpesviridae) Transmission via Contaminated Fomites and Subsequent Prevention Using a Disinfectant

“…Although this study was the first to empirically assess EEDV susceptibility to Virkon ® Aquatic, previous studies have examined the efficacy of Virkon ® against other enveloped double stranded DNA viruses, including hepatitis B [15,18], a Ranavirus [19], and adenovirus 5 and 6 [20]. Specifically concerning herpesviruses, Tsujimura et al [16] found that Virkon ® effectively inactivated Equine Herpesvirus-1 (family Herpesviridae) and Hick et al [21] reported that it inactivated Ostreid Herpesvirus-1 (family Malacoherpesviridae).…”

“…Virkon ® Aquatic (Syndel, Ferndale, Washington) is a potassium peroxymonosulfate (PPMS)-based disinfectant that has viricidal and bactericidal effects [10], is relatively safe for fish [11], and is therefore commonly used in commercial aquaculture facilities to disinfect fish husbandry tools [12]. PPMS-based disinfectants are efficacious at inactivating a range of viruses [13][14][15][16]; however, the efficacy of Virkon ® Aquatic has yet to be determined against herpesviruses that infect fish, including EEDV. Therefore, this study was designed to not only investigate the potential role of fomites in EEDV transmission, but also to assess the efficacy of Virkon ® Aquatic for preventing or minimizing EEDV transmission, thereby providing hatchery managers with scientific evidence to assist in the establishment of proper biosecurity measures against EEDV.…”

Diabetes mellitus type 2 in adults

“…• Рекомендуется однократное использование игл для шприц-ручек и шприцев пациентам с СД 2, получающим инсулинотерапию, для обеспечения инфекционной безопасности и профилактики липодистрофий [197,198,[218][219][220][221][210][211][212][213][214][215][216][217].…”

Diabetes mellitus type 1 in adults

“…• Рекомендуется однократное использование игл для шприц-ручек и шприцев пациентам с СД 1 для обеспечения инфекционной безопасности и профилактики липодистрофий [94,95,[107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116][117].…”