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Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma is the fifth most common tumor in patients worldwide and the third most common cause of cancer-related death, after lung and stomach cancer. Cirrhosis of the liver is the strongest predisposing factor for hepatocellular carcinoma, with approximately 80% of cases of hepatocellular carcinoma developing in a cirrhotic liver. The annual incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma is 2.0% to 6.6% in patients with cirrhosis compared with 0.4% in patients without cirrhosis. The 5-year survival rates of patients undergoing curative therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma, including liver transplant, hepatic resection, and percutaneous ablative techniques, range between 40% and 75%. Orthotropic liver transplant offers the prima facie cure for both hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis. In hepatocellular carcinoma confined to the liver without macrovascular invasion, patients with a single tumor ≤ 5 cm or up to 3 tumors ≤ 3 cm each had a 5-year survival rate of 75% and a disease-free survival rate of 83%. In the adult population, liver transplant for hepatocellular carcinoma yields good results for patients whose tumor masses do not exceed the Milan criteria. The diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma using imaging tests has had a substantial impact on transplant decisions. Radiologists should be aware of this responsibility and exercise the utmost scrutiny before making a diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Erroneous diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma based on imaging tests could deny deserving patients the opportunity of a life-saving liver transplant and result in unnecessary liver transplants for others. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and helical computed tomography are the best imaging techniques currently available for the noninvasive diagnosis of hepatocellular carci noma. With technological advances in hardware and software, diffusionweighted imaging can be readily applied to the liver with resulting improved image quality.

Identification of a protein signature for predicting overall survival of hepatocellular carcinoma: a study based on data mining

“…Over 500,000 new HCC cases are diagnosed each year [ 1 ]. Viral hepatitis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis are the most common causes of cirrhosis which underlies approximately 80% of cases of HCC [ 2 ]. HCC prognosis remains a challenge due to the recurrence of HCC and the 5-year overall survival rate is only 34 to 50% [ 3 ].…”

Exosome-transmitted long non-coding RNA SENP3-EIF4A1 suppresses the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma

“…HCC is the fifth most common tumor in patients around the world and ranks third following lung cancer and gastric cancer among lethal cancers [20]. The results of this study revealed that SENP3-EIF4A1 was decreased in HCC tissues and plasma.…”

A Rare Presentation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Infiltrating the Gallbladder

“…Most of the patients who end up developing HCC, would have had a background of established liver cirrhosis with varying risk factors. Viral hepatitis (hepatitis B and C), chronic alcoholism, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease are the most common risk factors worldwide [1,5]. It is one of the leading causes of cancer death and has a high propensity for vascular invasion and metastasis at the time of diagnosis.…”