“…[1][2][3][4][5] Ferroelectric films directly deposited on metal substrate have their great advantages compared with films on ceramics. For example, base metal substrates (nickel, copper, and iron) cost far less than single crystal ceramic substrates.…”
“…[1][2][3][4][5] Ferroelectric films directly deposited on metal substrate have their great advantages compared with films on ceramics. For example, base metal substrates (nickel, copper, and iron) cost far less than single crystal ceramic substrates.…”
“…Applications that make use of the direct effect, where mechanical stress yields an electric voltage, or of the converse piezoelectric effect, where an electric voltage is generated upon mechanical deformation, are widespread and range from actuators, through sensors, to energy harvesters. [1][2][3][4] Here we use piezoelectric materials to realize a sensitive, flexible touch sensor, where a voltage is generated upon a dynamical change in applied force.…”
This state-of-the-art value outperforms bulk piezoelectric ceramics and composites with randomly dispersed particles, and is comparable to the values reported for the piezoelectric polymers PVDF and P(VDF-TrFE). Optimized composite films are incorporated in flexible piezoelectric touch sensors. The high sensitivity is analyzed and discussed. As the fabrication technology is straightforward and easy to implement, applications are foreseen in flexible electronics such wireless sensor networks and biodiagnostics.
“…Piezoelectric and pyroelectric activities of various 0-3 composite systems have been systematically studied and are reported in literature ͑e.g. see recent reviews by Dias et al, 3 Tressler et al, 4 and Bhimasankaram et al, 5 and references therein͒. Most of these works were focused on technical aspects and applications, while many fundamental aspects were not fully understood.…”
A model for the piezoelectric and pyroelectric activities of 0-3 composites of ferroelectric particles in a linear matrix has been developed based on the polarization behavior of the inclusions. The model is applied to simulate the piezoelectric activity of a lead zirconate titanate/epoxy system polarized under different fields and the piezo-and the pyroelectric properties of lead titanate/ polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene 70/30 mol %͔ composites polarized with different poling times. The model predictions show reasonably good agreement with experimental data. The ability to predict the gross properties of 0-3 composites in terms of the poling field and poling time may be especially helpful in the making of practical composites with particular properties.
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