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Gulick, Sean P. S.; Morgan, J. V.; Mellett, Claire L.; Chenot, Elise; Christeson, G. L.; Claeys, Philippe; Cockell, Charles S.; Coolen, Marco J. L.; Ferrière, L.; Gebhardt, Catalina; Goto, Kazuhisa; Green, S.; Jones, Heather L.; Kring, D. A.; Lofi, Johanna; Lowery, Christopher M.; Ocampo-Torres, R.; Pérez‐Cruz, Ligia; Pickersgill, A. E.; Poelchau, M. H.; Rae, Auriol S. P.; Rasmussen, Cornelia; Rebolledo-Vieyra, M.; Riller, Ulrich; Sato, Honami; Smit, Jan; Tikoo, S. M.; Tomioka, Naotaka; Urrutia‐Fucugauchi, J.; Whalen, Michael T.; Wittmann, A.; Xiao, Long; Yamaguchi, Kosei; Zylberman, W.; Collins, G. S.; Bralower, Timothy J.

doi:10.14379/iodp.pr.364.2017

Cited by 7 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…The Sudbury impact structure, with an original diameter of approximately 200-250 km (Dickin et al ., 1996;Mungall et al ., 2004), is comparable to the Chicxulub impact structure with a diameter of about 195-210 km (Gulick et al ., 2008(Gulick et al ., , 2017Morgan et al ., 1999) in terms of parameters and formation conditions . Their comparable or close parameters, as well as the formation of both structures under marine conditions, allows to suggest comparable scales of geological and ecological consequences of their formation .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their comparable or close parameters, as well as the formation of both structures under marine conditions, allows to suggest comparable scales of geological and ecological consequences of their formation . While the formation of the Chicxulub impact structure caused the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction (for reviews and bibliography, see (Rampino, Haggerty, 1996;Catastophic Events and Mass extinction: Impacts and Beyond, 2002;Schulte et al ., 2010;Robertson et al ., 2013;Gulick et al ., 2017;Rampino et al ., 2019), we assume that the formation of the Sudbury impact structure caused the mass extinction of the algal flora of the Late Paleoproerozoic and introduced some corrections in its further development . Thus, the microfossils in the breccias of the Onaping Formation represent the remains of a Late Paleoproterozoic paleoflora on the eve of the Sudbury impact event .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Remains of Paleoflora in the Breccias of the Onaping Formation, Sudbury Impact Structure, Ontario, Canada

2021

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Electron microscopic investigations of four breccia samples of the Onaping Formation, Sudbury impact structure, Canada, have been carried out for the search of possible remains of paleoflora and identification of the nature of organic matter and their composition. Two forms of plant remains were discovered in the breccias. The first form is represented by single plant particles scattered in the matrix of breccias and included in gas vesicles in devitrified glasses. These particles are leaf-shaped, stem-shaped, tubular, and spherical objects, ranging from 5-10 to 200-300 µm in size. It is supposed that algal flora inhabiting the sea basin before the Sudbury impact was the source of this form of plant residues in breccias. The second form of plant remains in breccias is represented by plant detritus in carbon-bearing fragments of mudstones included in the breccia matrix. These fragments, reaching a size to 1000-1200 µm, have irregular shapes and complicated rugged contacts with the host breccia. Plant residues in mudstones are mainly ribbon-like scraps from 3-5 to 200-300 µm long, some while rare particles have a more complex shape. The matrix of the mudstones is a heterogeneous fine-grained clay-like substance with a network of micron-wide open joint fissures. The carbon content in mudstone matrix ranges from 7-10 to 20-25 wt%. Muddy bottom sediments of the pre-impact sea basin are supposed to be a source of mudstone fragments in breccias, while the algal flora inhabited the sea during their sedimentation served as a source of plant detritus in mudstones. Fragments of mudstones and floral residues are an important source of organic carbon in breccias of the Onaping Formation. The discovery of paleofloral remains in the breccias indicates the existence of a previously unknown complex algal flora that inhabited the pre-impact sea before the impact event 1.85 billion years ago at the very end of the Paleoproterozoic. The Sudbury impact structure is comparable in size to the Chicxulub impact structure, the formation of which caused the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction. We assume that the formation of the Sudbury structure had a catastrophic impact on the paleoflora of the late Paleoproterozoic, the remnants of which were preserved in the breccias of the Onaping Formation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remains of Paleoflora in the Breccias of the Onaping Formation, Sudbury Impact Structure, Ontario, Canada

2021

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“…is argued to have been thicker, topographically lower and, covered with deeper water at the time of impact . Based in part on that assessment, Expedition 364 was designed to drill into the northwest quadrant (Morgan et al, 2016;Gulick et al, 2017), where seismic reflection data clearly image a high-relief peak ring that is relatively close to surface (Morgan et al, 2011).…”

Section: Chicxulubmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Those shallow water depths required the use of a leased jack-up platform or lift boat rather than one of the larger IODP ships (Gulick et al, 2017). The L/B Myrtle was anchored April 5, 2016 and drilling occurred from April 7 to May 26, 2016, followed by downhole logging and jack down of the platform on May 30.…”

Section: Chicxulubmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The portion of the peak ring sampled in the core also contains shock-metamorphosed (blue) and melted (red) components, which are consistent with a numerical model of dynamic collapse of a central uplift during the craterforming event (Morgan et al, 2016). While the numerical model treats the basement as a uniform unit of granite, which is the rock type that dominates the new IODP-ICDP core, the basement also contains metaquartzite, mica schist, granitic gneiss, gneiss, amphibolite, dolerite dikes, dacite, felsite, and granodiorite (Kring, 2005;Gulick et al, 2017).…”

Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chicxulub and the Exploration of Large Peak-Ring Impact Craters through Scientific Drilling

Kring¹,

Claeys²,

Gulick³

et al. 2017

GSAT

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The Chicxulub crater is the only well-preserved peak-ring crater on Earth and linked, famously, to the K-T or K-Pg mass extinction event. For the first time, geologists have drilled into the peak ring of that crater in the International Ocean Discovery Program and International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (IODP-ICDP) Expedition 364. The Chicxulub impact event, the environmental calamity it produced, and the paleobiological consequences are among the most captivating topics being discussed in the geologic community. Here we focus attention on the geological processes that shaped the ~200-km-wide impact crater responsible for that discussion and the expedition’s first year results

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Impact‐Generated Fragmentation, Porosity, and Permeability Within the Chicxulub Impact Structure

Alexander,

Marchi,

Johnson

et al. 2024

Earth and Space Science

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Large asteroid impacts have long been attributed to imparting long‐lived heat in the upper crust, as well as widespread fracturing and porosity. When an impact occurs on or near an ocean environment, displaced water rushes back filling the crater and percolating down into the fractured crust. The significant heat and fracturing from impact allow for extensive hydrothermal activity. Hydrothermal alteration has been observed at the 180 km Chicxulub impact structure in Yucatán, Mexico. Previous studies estimate widespread hydrothermal transport and activity within the Chicxulub structure, but these processes are largely dependent on the assumed post‐impact permeability distribution. In this work, we present an impact simulation that tracks fragmentation as well as the generation of porosity and permeability during the Chicxulub impact event. The generation of porosity during tensile failure results in final porosities (up to 40%) that are up to a factor of 4 higher than previous models and in better agreement with drill core data. We find that both fragmentation and porosity contribute to overall permeability of the Chicxulub structure. Estimated permeabilities (up to 10−14 m2) are greater than measured values from drill cores because of the contribution from large‐scale fragmentation, which cannot be resolved in cm‐diameter drill cores. The larger porosities and permeabilities computed in this work suggest that the volume of hydrothermal activity generated by Chicxulub were 10 times more than previously estimated for Chicxulub and 100 times more than the Yellowstone caldera.

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Cited by 7 publications

References 86 publications

Remains of Paleoflora in the Breccias of the Onaping Formation, Sudbury Impact Structure, Ontario, Canada

Remains of Paleoflora in the Breccias of the Onaping Formation, Sudbury Impact Structure, Ontario, Canada

Chicxulub and the Exploration of Large Peak-Ring Impact Craters through Scientific Drilling

Impact‐Generated Fragmentation, Porosity, and Permeability Within the Chicxulub Impact Structure

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